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Which of the following sentences shows the correct use of quotation marks?
- A. "Grady asked Abe, 'Did you know that an earthquake and a tsunami hit Messina, Italy, in 1908?'"
- B. Grady asked Abe, 'Did you know that an earthquake and a tsunami hit Messina, Italy, in 1908?'
- C. Grady asked Abe, "Did you know that an earthquake and a tsunami hit Messina, Italy, in 1908?"
- D. Grady asked Abe, "Did you know that an earthquake and a tsunami hit Messina, Italy, in 1908?"
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct use of quotation marks is in option C. In this option, the entire quoted sentence is enclosed within double quotation marks. This is the standard convention for punctuating direct speech in English. Option A has an incorrect placement of single and double quotation marks. Option B lacks opening double quotation marks for the spoken sentence. Option D incorrectly places the closing quotation mark outside the question mark, which is not the standard punctuation rule for quoted sentences.
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What are the five basic elements of the writing process?
- A. Prewriting, drafting, conferencing, revision, editing
- B. Brainstorming, outlining, writing, peer-review, researching
- C. Researching, prewriting, writing, brainstorming, conferencing
- D. Prewriting, writing, revising, researching, proofreading
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prewriting, drafting, conferencing, revision, editing. In the writing process, prewriting involves planning and brainstorming ideas, drafting is the stage where you put your ideas into writing, conferencing refers to seeking feedback or discussing the work, revision involves making changes to improve the content and structure, and editing focuses on correcting grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. The other choices are incorrect because they either include elements that are not part of the standard writing process (such as peer-review and outlining) or they mix up the order of the stages (such as researching before prewriting).
Which of the following is a simple sentence?
- A. Phillippa walked the dog, and Primula gave the dog a bath.
- B. Phillippa walked and bathed the dog, and Primula helped.
- C. Phillippa walked the dog, while Primula gave the dog a bath.
- D. Phillippa and Primula walked the dog and gave the dog a bath.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A simple sentence contains only one independent clause. Choice D, 'Phillippa and Primula walked the dog and gave the dog a bath,' is a simple sentence as it consists of a single subject (Phillippa and Primula) and predicate (walked the dog and gave the dog a bath). Choices A, B, and C contain multiple clauses or conjunctions that create compound sentences, making them more complex and not fitting the criteria of a simple sentence.
Which of the following sets of words correctly fill in the blanks in the sentence below: We cannot allow the budget cuts to _______ the plans to improve education; the futures of _______ children are at stake.
- A. effect; your
- B. affect; you're
- C. affect; your
- D. effect; you're
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this sentence, 'affect' is the correct verb meaning 'to influence,' and 'your' is the correct possessive pronoun. Therefore, the sentence should read, 'We cannot allow the budget cuts to affect the plans to improve education; the futures of your children are at stake.' Choice A is incorrect because 'effect' is a noun, not a verb, and 'your' is the correct possessive pronoun. Choice B is incorrect because 'you're' is a contraction for 'you are,' which does not make sense in this context. Choice D is incorrect because 'effect' should be 'affect' as the verb is needed to show influence.
Which of the following choices is NOT an appropriate way to express an opinion in a formal debate?
- A. There are still many arguments concerning the nature of space-time, including whether Einstein's theory of relativity is applicable in every natural situation.
- B. The study of climate science is an ever-evolving field, but it is important to recognize that the tools being utilized have been tested in other fields.
- C. Energy independence is an important topic that needs to be addressed in a thoughtful, careful manner that considers the far-reaching impact of any proposed changes.
- D. It is the height of hypocrisy to acknowledge that global warming is a problem and then still tool around in a gas-guzzling vehicle.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a formal debate, it is essential to maintain a respectful and professional tone when expressing opinions. Choice D uses hyperbolic language like 'height of hypocrisy,' which is inappropriate for a formal setting. It is important to avoid personal attacks or extreme statements that can detract from the credibility of the argument. Choices A, B, and C present opinions in a more neutral and respectful manner, focusing on discussing the topic without resorting to emotional or accusatory language. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer as it does not align with the standards of formal debate etiquette.
Which of the following is an example of revision?
- A. Typing the first draft of an essay
- B. Reading sentences for clarity and making necessary changes
- C. Creating a list of all sources used within the essay
- D. Mapping out possible topics and subtopics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because revision involves reviewing and editing sentences for clarity and making necessary changes to improve the overall quality of the writing. Choice A is incorrect because typing the first draft is part of the drafting process, not revision. Choice C is incorrect as creating a list of sources is related to research and citation but not revision. Choice D is incorrect as mapping out topics and subtopics is typically done during the outlining or prewriting stages, not during the revision process.