Nokea
The Food Fortification Act of 2000 provides for the mandatory fortification of staple foods, including:
- A. Flour with iron
- B. Cooking oil with vitamin A
- C. Refined sugar with iron
- D. Rice with vitamin A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Flour with iron. This is because iron deficiency is a common issue globally, and fortifying flour with iron can help address this problem efficiently. Cooking oil with vitamin A (B) is not typically a staple food, and vitamin A is usually added to oil voluntarily. Refined sugar with iron (C) is not a common fortification practice due to concerns about the interaction between iron and sugar. Rice with vitamin A (D) is a feasible option, but fortifying flour with iron is a more established and effective method for addressing iron deficiency in the population.
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What is a health deficit?
- A. Conditions that promote disease or injury and prevent people from realizing their health potential
- B. A health problem that can be alleviated with medical or social technology
- C. A gap between actual and achievable health status
- D. Illness of a family member
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, a health deficit is defined as a gap between an individual's actual health status and their achievable health status. This means that there is a discrepancy between where their health currently stands and where it could potentially be with proper interventions or changes.
A is incorrect because it refers to conditions that promote disease or injury, not specifically related to the individual's health status. B is incorrect as it focuses on health problems that can be alleviated, which may not necessarily reflect a health deficit. D is incorrect as it involves the illness of a family member, which is not directly related to the individual's own health status.
Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease?
- A. Diabetes
- B. Hypertension
- C. HIV/AIDS
- D. Cholera
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cholera. Cholera is a communicable disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, transmitted through contaminated food or water. It spreads easily from person to person. Diabetes (A) and Hypertension (B) are non-communicable diseases related to lifestyle and genetics. HIV/AIDS (C) is a communicable disease, but Cholera is a more direct example as it is primarily spread through contaminated water sources.
Which of the following statements about TB treatment is INCORRECT?
- A. Combination of 3-4 anti-TB drugs is the treatment of choice
- B. Single drug therapy is appropriate
- C. Treatment renders patients non-infectious and cured
- D. Tuberculosis is a curable disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because single drug therapy is not appropriate for TB treatment. TB is caused by bacteria that can develop resistance if not treated with a combination of drugs. A: Correct - Combination therapy is essential to prevent drug resistance. C: Correct - Proper treatment leads to cure and non-infectiousness. D: Correct - TB is curable with proper treatment. B: Incorrect - Single drug therapy can lead to drug resistance and treatment failure.
Care provided by specialists in health facilities such as medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals falls under which level of care?
- A. Secondary level of care
- B. Tertiary level of care
- C. Primary level of care
- D. Intermediate level of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tertiary level of care. Specialists in health facilities like medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals provide specialized and complex care, which is characteristic of tertiary care. This level of care involves advanced medical procedures, specialized equipment, and highly trained healthcare professionals. Primary care (choice C) focuses on preventive and basic healthcare services, while secondary care (choice A) provides more specialized services compared to primary care but is not as advanced as tertiary care. Intermediate care (choice D) typically refers to care that falls between secondary and tertiary levels but lacks the complexity and specialization of tertiary care.
What is the primary goal of public health?
- A. To achieve health equity
- B. To prevent disease and disability
- C. To prolong life
- D. To promote health
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of public health is to prevent disease and disability. This is because by preventing diseases and disabilities, public health efforts aim to improve overall population health and well-being. This includes implementing interventions such as vaccinations, health education, and policy changes to reduce the burden of preventable illnesses. Achieving health equity, prolonging life, and promoting health are important aspects of public health but they are secondary to the core goal of preventing disease and disability.