Nokea
The function of the parietal cells of the stomach is to:
- A. Secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion
- B. Secrete mucus for lubrication
- C. Secrete the hormone gastrin
- D. Produce intrinsic factor required for absorption of vitamin B12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor, essential for vitamin B12 absorption, and hydrochloric acid, not the other functions listed.
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Concerning Circumvallate papilla the following is true EXCEPT:
- A. Most numerous type of the lingual papillae.
- B. Its sides carry about 250 taste buds.
- C. Has underlying Von Ebner's glands.
- D. Surrounded by circular groove.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Circumvallate papillae are the least numerous (about 8-12 in humans), not the most numerous, and they carry many taste buds with Von Ebner's glands.
Which of the following hydrolytic enzymes act in low pH?
- A. Peroxidases
- B. Hydrolases
- C. Amylases
- D. Proteases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proteases, such as pepsin, function optimally in the low pH environment of the stomach.
Amylase is an example of a(n)
- A. accessory organ
- B. carbohydrate
- C. enzyme
- D. vitamin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starches into sugars.
Which listed substances are all broken down by the liver?
- A. alcohol, drugs, and progesterone
- B. drugs, adrenaline, and urea
- C. oestrogen, water, and drugs
- D. urea, alcohol, and drugs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The liver metabolizes various substances including urea, alcohol, and drugs.
Which of the following is not a function of saliva?
- A. to initiate protein digestion
- B. to aid in cleansing the teeth
- C. to lubricate the pharynx
- D. to assist in formation of the bolus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Saliva contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, but it does not initiate protein digestion.