Nokea
The functions of saliva include the following except:
- A. Cleaning the mouth
- B. Killing bacteria
- C. Digestion of lipids
- D. Facilitation of speech
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Digestion of lipids is not a function of saliva. Saliva primarily aids in cleaning the mouth by washing away food particles, killing bacteria with its antibacterial properties, and facilitating speech by lubricating the mouth and throat. Digestion of lipids primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of enzymes like lipase. Salivary amylase, found in saliva, assists in breaking down carbohydrates, not lipids. Therefore, digestion of lipids is not a function of saliva.
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A nurse is teaching a client how to do fecal occult blood testing. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will continue my low-dose aspirin therapy regimen.'
- B. I will refrain from eating raw fruits and vegetables.'
- C. I will avoid steak and other red meats.'
- D. I will continue taking my Coumadin as prescribed.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A: Low-dose aspirin can cause false positive results in fecal occult blood testing due to its effect on gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, the client should inform the healthcare provider and consider stopping or adjusting the aspirin therapy during the testing period.
B: Refraining from raw fruits and vegetables is correct as they can interfere with the test results.
C: Avoiding red meats is correct as they can also affect the test results.
D: Continuing Coumadin as prescribed is correct as it does not interfere with fecal occult blood testing.
Humans normally have 20 deciduous or 'baby' teeth and adults 32 permanent teeth. The 12 additional teeth in humans represent
- A. incisors and canines.
- B. canines and premolars.
- C. premolars and molars.
- D. all molars.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: premolars and molars. Deciduous teeth consist of incisors, canines, and molars, totaling 20 in children. Adults have 32 permanent teeth, which include incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Therefore, the 12 additional teeth in adults are the premolars and molars, making choice C the correct answer. Choice A (incisors and canines) is incorrect because these teeth are present in both deciduous and permanent dentition. Choice B (canines and premolars) is incorrect as it does not account for all 12 additional teeth in adults. Choice D (all molars) is incorrect as it excludes the premolars, which are also part of the additional teeth in adults.
The nurse needs to administer feedings to a client who has diarrhea due to gastroenteritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider?
- A. Administer feedings at room temperature
- B. Administer cold feedings
- C. Administer bolus feedings
- D. Administer intermittent feedings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Room temperature feedings reduce gastric irritation, which can help prevent worsening diarrhea.
Peritonitis can occur as a complication of:
- A. Septicemia
- B. Multiple organ failure
- C. Hypovolemic shock
- D. Peptic ulcer disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Peritonitis can occur as a complication of septicemia because the infection can spread to the peritoneum, causing inflammation and infection. Septicemia is the presence of pathogenic organisms in the bloodstream, which can lead to systemic inflammation and infection throughout the body, including the peritoneum. In contrast, multiple organ failure, hypovolemic shock, and peptic ulcer disease are not direct causes of peritonitis. Multiple organ failure involves dysfunction of various organs, hypovolemic shock is caused by severe blood loss leading to inadequate perfusion, and peptic ulcer disease is related to the erosion of the stomach lining. Hence, the correct answer is A, as septicemia is a direct cause of peritonitis.
Diseases that reduce pancreatic enzyme secretions do NOT usually decrease the digestion and absorption of:
- A. Animal proteins
- B. Plant proteins
- C. Plant lipids
- D. Sucrose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sucrose. Diseases that reduce pancreatic enzyme secretions typically do not affect the digestion and absorption of sucrose because sucrose is primarily broken down in the small intestine by sucrase, an enzyme produced by the intestinal lining, not the pancreas. Animal proteins (choice A) and plant proteins (choice B) require pancreatic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin for digestion; plant lipids (choice C) require pancreatic lipase for digestion. Therefore, choices A, B, and C would be affected by reduced pancreatic enzyme secretions, unlike sucrose.