Nokea
Which characterizes auscultation of the abdomen?
- A. The presence of borborygmi indicates hyperperistalsis.
- B. The bell of the stethoscope is used to auscultate high-pitched sounds.
- C. High-pitched
- D. rushing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Borborygmi is the sound of hyperperistalsis often heard when the stomach is actively moving food.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is the role of the large intestine?
- A. digestion of proteins
- B. absorption of nutrients
- C. absorption of water
- D. production of bile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The large intestine's main role is to absorb water from the indigestible food residue, forming feces. This process helps maintain proper hydration levels in the body. It does not digest proteins (choice A) or absorb nutrients (choice B), as these processes primarily occur in the small intestine. The production of bile (choice D) is carried out by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not by the large intestine. Thus, choice C is correct as it aligns with the primary function of the large intestine.
Which of the following is critical in terms of triggering a fever response?
- A. an infection
- B. a local widening of blood vessels
- C. activation of the complement system
- D. the resetting of the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat and controls temperature regulation. When the body detects an infection or other triggers, the hypothalamus resets the temperature set point higher, causing a fever response to help fight off the infection. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while an infection can trigger a fever response, it is the hypothalamus that ultimately controls and initiates the response by resetting the temperature set point, not a local widening of blood vessels or activation of the complement system.
Humans normally have 20 deciduous or 'baby' teeth and adults 32 permanent teeth. The 12 additional teeth in humans represent
- A. incisors and canines.
- B. canines and premolars.
- C. premolars and molars.
- D. all molars.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: premolars and molars. Deciduous teeth consist of incisors, canines, and molars, totaling 20 in children. Adults have 32 permanent teeth, which include incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Therefore, the 12 additional teeth in adults are the premolars and molars, making choice C the correct answer. Choice A (incisors and canines) is incorrect because these teeth are present in both deciduous and permanent dentition. Choice B (canines and premolars) is incorrect as it does not account for all 12 additional teeth in adults. Choice D (all molars) is incorrect as it excludes the premolars, which are also part of the additional teeth in adults.
Once absorbed into the epithelial cell of the small intestine, free fatty acids and glycerol are recombined and a protein coat is added to form a
- A. chylomicron.
- B. micelle.
- C. lipoprotein.
- D. fatty droplet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: chylomicron. After absorption, free fatty acids and glycerol are recombined in the epithelial cell to form triglycerides. These triglycerides are then packaged with proteins to form chylomicrons, which are lipoprotein particles that transport dietary fats through the lymphatic system and bloodstream. Chylomicrons are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins.
Summary:
- B: Micelle is incorrect because micelles are formed in the lumen of the small intestine to aid in the absorption of lipids but do not involve recombination of fatty acids and glycerol.
- C: Lipoprotein is incorrect because while chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein, the specific process described in the question is not about general lipoprotein formation.
- D: Fatty droplet is incorrect as it does not involve the recombination and protein coating process described in the question.
What should the nurse emphasize when teaching patients at risk for upper GI bleeding to prevent bleeding episodes?
- A. All stools and vomitus must be tested for the presence of blood.
- B. The use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications of any kind should be avoided.
- C. Antacids should be taken with all prescribed medications to prevent gastric irritation.
- D. Misoprostol (Cytotec) should be used to protect the gastric mucosa in individuals with peptic ulcers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Over-the-counter medications, especially NSAIDs, should be avoided as they can increase the risk of gastric irritation and bleeding.