Nokea
A nurse is planning care for a client who has diverticulitis. Which of the following menu selections should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Turkey sandwich with celery sticks
- B. Sliced ham with green salad
- C. Pork tenderloin with green peas
- D. Grilled chicken breast with white rice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because grilled chicken breast with white rice is a low-fiber, easily digestible option suitable for a client with diverticulitis. High-fiber foods like celery (choice A), green salad (choice B), and green peas (choice C) can worsen symptoms by irritating the inflamed diverticula. Pork tenderloin (choice C) is high in fat, which can be difficult to digest. Grilled chicken breast with white rice provides protein and carbohydrates without aggravating the condition.
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Which type of cells produce insulin in the pancreas?
- A. acinar cells
- B. duct cells
- C. alpha cells
- D. beta cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: beta cells. Beta cells are the specific type of cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin. They are located in the islets of Langerhans and play a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Acinar cells (A) are responsible for producing digestive enzymes, duct cells (B) are involved in transporting pancreatic enzymes, and alpha cells (C) produce glucagon, which has the opposite effect of insulin in regulating blood sugar. Therefore, the correct choice is beta cells as they are the primary insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Which of these digestive enzymes breaks down fats?
- A. amylase
- B. lipase
- C. trypsin
- D. pepsin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: lipase. Lipase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Amylase (A) breaks down carbohydrates, trypsin (C) breaks down proteins, and pepsin (D) also breaks down proteins but in the stomach. Lipase specifically targets fats in the small intestine, aiding in their digestion and absorption. Therefore, lipase is the correct choice for breaking down fats, making it the most suitable answer among the options provided.
A client with cirrhosis is at risk for developing complications. Which condition is the most serious and potentially life-threatening?
- A. Esophageal varices
- B. Ascites
- C. Peripheral edema
- D. Asterixis (liver flap)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Esophageal varices can rupture and cause life-threatening hemorrhage, making them the most serious complication.
The functions of saliva include the following except:
- A. Cleaning the mouth
- B. Killing bacteria
- C. Digestion of lipids
- D. Facilitation of speech
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Digestion of lipids is not a function of saliva. Saliva primarily aids in cleaning the mouth by washing away food particles, killing bacteria with its antibacterial properties, and facilitating speech by lubricating the mouth and throat. Digestion of lipids primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of enzymes like lipase. Salivary amylase, found in saliva, assists in breaking down carbohydrates, not lipids. Therefore, digestion of lipids is not a function of saliva.
The cardiac or lower gastroesophageal sphincter is composed of ______ muscle and prevents chyme from moving into the
- A. smooth; esophagus
- B. skeletal; esophagus
- C. smooth; duodenum
- D. skeletal; duodenum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: smooth; esophagus. The cardiac sphincter is made of smooth muscle because smooth muscles are involuntary and control the movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control and are not found in sphincters. Choices C and D are incorrect because the duodenum is part of the small intestine and not relevant to the cardiac sphincter's function.