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Patients with gastric ulcer typically exhibit the following symptoms:
- A. Epigastric pain worse after eating and weight loss.
- B. Epigastric pain worse before meals, pain awakening patient from sleep, and melena.
- C. Decreased bowel sounds, rigid abdomen, rebound tenderness, and fever.
- D. Boring epigastric pain radiating to back and left shoulder, bluish-gray discoloration of periumbilical area, and ascites.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gastric ulcers typically present with epigastric pain that worsens before meals, pain that can wake the patient at night, and melena due to gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Concerning cholecystokinin (CCK):
- A. Secreted from the jejunum
- B. Stimulates the contraction of gallbladder.
- C. inhibits the stomach mobility.
- D. All of the above are correct.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is B: Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder. This hormone is released from the duodenum in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the small intestine. Its main function is to signal the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.
A: CCK is not secreted from the jejunum but from the duodenum.
C: CCK does not inhibit stomach motility; instead, it enhances the release of digestive enzymes and bile.
In summary, choice B is correct as it accurately reflects the role of CCK in stimulating gallbladder contraction, while choices A and C are incorrect based on the functions of CCK in the digestive system.
The nurse needs to administer feedings to a client who has diarrhea due to gastroenteritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider?
- A. Administer feedings at room temperature
- B. Administer cold feedings
- C. Administer bolus feedings
- D. Administer intermittent feedings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Room temperature feedings reduce gastric irritation, which can help prevent worsening diarrhea.
What is the role of the large intestine?
- A. digestion of proteins
- B. absorption of nutrients
- C. absorption of water
- D. production of bile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The large intestine's main role is to absorb water from the indigestible food residue, forming feces. This process helps maintain proper hydration levels in the body. It does not digest proteins (choice A) or absorb nutrients (choice B), as these processes primarily occur in the small intestine. The production of bile (choice D) is carried out by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, not by the large intestine. Thus, choice C is correct as it aligns with the primary function of the large intestine.
What role does the pancreas play in digestion?
- A. producing bile
- B. producing enzymes
- C. storing nutrients
- D. absorbing vitamins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: producing enzymes. The pancreas produces digestive enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease that help break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. These enzymes are crucial for proper digestion and nutrient absorption.
A: The pancreas does not produce bile. Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
C: The pancreas does not store nutrients. Nutrient storage mainly occurs in the liver and adipose tissue.
D: The pancreas does not absorb vitamins. Vitamin absorption primarily takes place in the small intestine.
In summary, the pancreas plays a vital role in digestion by producing enzymes that aid in the breakdown of food components.
The nurse recognizes that teaching a patient following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been effective when the patient makes which statement?
- A. "I can take a shower and walk around the house tomorrow."
- B. "I need to limit my activities and not return to work for 4 weeks."
- C. "I can expect yellowish drainage from the incision for a few days."
- D. "I will follow a low-fat diet for life because I do not have a gallbladder."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): The statement "I can take a shower and walk around the house tomorrow" indicates an understanding of post-operative activity expectations. After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, early ambulation is encouraged to prevent complications like blood clots. Additionally, showering promotes wound healing and hygiene.
Incorrect Choices:
B: "I need to limit my activities and not return to work for 4 weeks" - This choice is incorrect as it overestimates the recovery time for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which typically allows for a quicker return to normal activities.
C: "I can expect yellowish drainage from the incision for a few days" - While drainage is common after surgery, the color and duration mentioned are not typical for this procedure.
D: "I will follow a low-fat diet for life because I do not have a gallbladder" - Following a low-fat diet is recommended after surgery, but the statement is too extreme as dietary