Nokea
In the tunica mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine, a series of folds called the ______ functions to ______.
- A. plicae circulares; increase surface area
- B. villi; increase surface area
- C. microvilli; allow the small intestine to expand
- D. rugae; allow the small intestine to expand
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: plicae circulares; increase surface area. Plicae circulares are circular folds in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption. They help in maximizing contact with digested food. Villi and microvilli are structures on the surface of the small intestine that further increase surface area for absorption but are not the folds themselves. Rugae are folds found in the stomach, not the small intestine.
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Concerning cholecystokinin (CCK):
- A. Secreted from the jejunum
- B. Stimulates the contraction of gallbladder.
- C. inhibits the stomach mobility.
- D. All of the above are correct.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is B: Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder. This hormone is released from the duodenum in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the small intestine. Its main function is to signal the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.
A: CCK is not secreted from the jejunum but from the duodenum.
C: CCK does not inhibit stomach motility; instead, it enhances the release of digestive enzymes and bile.
In summary, choice B is correct as it accurately reflects the role of CCK in stimulating gallbladder contraction, while choices A and C are incorrect based on the functions of CCK in the digestive system.
What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?
- A. Fatty acids
- B. Amino acids
- C. absorption-neet-mcq/ 7/13 1/17/25, 2:54 PM Digestion and Absorption NEET MCQ 2024
- D. Glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine is glucose. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars like glucose during digestion. Enzymes in the small intestine, such as amylase, break down complex carbohydrates into glucose molecules, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream for energy. Fatty acids (A) are the final product of lipid digestion, while amino acids (B) are the final product of protein digestion. Choice C is irrelevant. In summary, glucose is the correct answer as it is the end product of carbohydrate digestion, while the other choices are related to different types of digestion products.
Which of the following is not a function of saliva:
- A. Helps in articulation.
- B. Helps in swallowing.
- C. Helps in dental caries by increasing acidity of oral cavity.
- D. Kills microorganisms by lysozymes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because saliva does not help in dental caries by increasing acidity; in fact, saliva helps neutralize acids and remineralize teeth. A: Saliva does help in articulation by lubricating the mouth. B: Saliva helps in swallowing by moistening food. D: Saliva contains lysozymes that kill microorganisms, aiding in oral hygiene.
Which of the following is critical in terms of triggering a fever response?
- A. an infection
- B. a local widening of blood vessels
- C. activation of the complement system
- D. the resetting of the body's temperature set point in the hypothalamus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the hypothalamus acts as the body's thermostat and controls temperature regulation. When the body detects an infection or other triggers, the hypothalamus resets the temperature set point higher, causing a fever response to help fight off the infection. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while an infection can trigger a fever response, it is the hypothalamus that ultimately controls and initiates the response by resetting the temperature set point, not a local widening of blood vessels or activation of the complement system.
The colonic microflora can be considered as 'an organ within an organ'. Which of the following statements best describes the functions of the microbiota?
- A. Measurement of daily dietary fibre intake underestimates the amount of fermentable material entering the colon each day
- B. All of the options given are correct
- C. Acetate, propionate and butyrate are the chief organic acids produced by anaerobic colic fermentation
- D. The establishment of an 'acetate buffer' in the colonic lumen suppresses the growth of some pathogenic bacteria.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the colonic microbiota performs multiple essential functions such as aiding in digestion, producing vitamins, regulating immune function, and maintaining gut barrier integrity. Option A is incorrect as it focuses on dietary fiber intake rather than the microbiota's functions. Option C is incorrect because while acetate, propionate, and butyrate are important organic acids produced, they are not the only ones. Option D is incorrect as the microbiota's establishment of an 'acetate buffer' does not necessarily suppress the growth of all pathogenic bacteria.