Which type of cells produce insulin in the pancreas?
- A. acinar cells
- B. duct cells
- C. alpha cells
- D. beta cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: beta cells. Beta cells are the specific type of cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin. They are located in the islets of Langerhans and play a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Acinar cells (A) are responsible for producing digestive enzymes, duct cells (B) are involved in transporting pancreatic enzymes, and alpha cells (C) produce glucagon, which has the opposite effect of insulin in regulating blood sugar. Therefore, the correct choice is beta cells as they are the primary insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
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Which of the following statements regarding caloric restriction (CR) is TRUE?
- A. CR stimulates the insulin signalling pathway, leading to activation of longevity genes
- B. resveratrol can mimic the effects of caloric restriction in worms, yeast and flies
- C. CR has been demonstrated to increase life span in humans
- D. all of the above are true
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Resveratrol can mimic the effects of caloric restriction in worms, yeast, and flies. This is true because resveratrol, a compound found in red wine, has been shown to activate certain proteins and enzymes that are also activated during caloric restriction, leading to improved health and longevity in these organisms.
A is incorrect because caloric restriction typically leads to decreased insulin signaling, not stimulation. C is incorrect because while CR has been shown to increase lifespan in various animal models, there is limited evidence to support its effects on human lifespan. D is incorrect because not all statements are true - only B is supported by scientific evidence.
What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?
- A. Fatty acids
- B. Amino acids
- C. absorption-neet-mcq/ 7/13 1/17/25, 2:54 PM Digestion and Absorption NEET MCQ 2024
- D. Glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine is glucose. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars like glucose during digestion. Enzymes in the small intestine, such as amylase, break down complex carbohydrates into glucose molecules, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream for energy. Fatty acids (A) are the final product of lipid digestion, while amino acids (B) are the final product of protein digestion. Choice C is irrelevant. In summary, glucose is the correct answer as it is the end product of carbohydrate digestion, while the other choices are related to different types of digestion products.
A patient is scheduled for biopsy of a painful tongue ulcer. Based on knowledge of risk factors for oral cancer
- A. what should the nurse specifically ask the patient about during a history?
- B. Excessive exposure to sunlight
- C. Recurrent herpes simplex infections
- D. Use of any type of tobacco products
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tobacco use is a major risk factor for oral cancer, so it is crucial to ask the patient about their smoking or chewing habits.
Patients with gastric ulcer typically exhibit the following symptoms:
- A. Epigastric pain worse after eating and weight loss.
- B. Epigastric pain worse before meals, pain awakening patient from sleep, and melena.
- C. Decreased bowel sounds, rigid abdomen, rebound tenderness, and fever.
- D. Boring epigastric pain radiating to back and left shoulder, bluish-gray discoloration of periumbilical area, and ascites.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gastric ulcers typically present with epigastric pain that worsens before meals, pain that can wake the patient at night, and melena due to gastrointestinal bleeding.
The shortest section of the intestines is the _____.
- A. colon
- B. duodenum
- C. ileum
- D. jejunum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: duodenum. The duodenum is the shortest section of the small intestine, measuring around 25-30 cm in length. It is the first part of the small intestine and plays a crucial role in the digestion process by receiving partially digested food from the stomach and mixing it with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. The colon (choice A) is the longest part of the large intestine, the ileum (choice C) and jejunum (choice D) are longer sections of the small intestine, following the duodenum in the digestive tract. Therefore, the duodenum is the correct answer as it is specifically the shortest part of the intestines.