Nokea
The Glasgow coma scale is used to .evaluate the level of consciousness in the neurological and neurological patients. The three assessment factors included in this scale are:
- A. pupil size, response to pain, motor responses
- B. Pupil size, verbal response, motor response
- C. Eye opening, verbal response, motor response
- D. Eye opening, response to pain, motor response J.E, is an 18-year old freshman admitted to the ICU following a motor vehicle accident in which he sustained multiple trauma including a ruptured spleen, myocardial contusion, fractured pelvis, and fractured right femur. He had a mild contusion, but is alert and oriented. His vital signs BP 120/80, pulse 84, respirations 12, and temperature 99 F orally.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a neurological scale that is used to assess the level of consciousness in patients. It is based on three factors: eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. Each factor is scored on a scale of 1 to 4 or 6, with a lower total score indicating a lower level of consciousness.
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Which of the ff blood vessel is commonly affected by thrombophlebitis?
- A. Veins deep in the upper extremities
- B. Popliteal vein of the leg
- C. Veins deep in the lower extremities
- D. Veins connected to the heart
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thrombophlebitis commonly affects the veins deep in the lower extremities, such as the femoral vein or the iliac vein. This condition involves the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a vein, usually due to inflammation or injury to the vein wall. The lower extremities are more prone to thrombophlebitis because of factors like gravity, reduced blood flow in the veins of the legs, and prolonged sitting or immobility which can increase the risk of blood clot formation. Thrombophlebitis in the lower extremities can potentially lead to serious complications, such as pulmonary embolism if a clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs.
The child who helps to undress, puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object), and handles a spoon well has an age around
- A. 15 mo
- B. 18 mo
- C. 24 mo
- D. 30 mo
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These milestones are typically achieved around 24 months.
There seems to be a positive correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and:
- A. Hypotension
- B. Obesity
- C. Kidney dysfunction
- D. Sex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: There is a well-established positive correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes due to excess body fat leading to increased insulin resistance. As fat accumulates in the body, especially around the abdomen, the cells become less responsive to insulin, causing blood sugar levels to rise. This can ultimately lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. Managing obesity through lifestyle modifications such as healthy eating and regular exercise is crucial in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes.
Blood cells are formed in the:
- A. Arterioles
- B. Lymphoid tissue
- C. Bone marrow
- D. Muscle tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blood cells are formed in the bone marrow, which is a soft tissue found in the center of most bones in the body. The process of blood cell formation is known as hematopoiesis. Bone marrow contains stem cells that can develop into different types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These blood cells play essential roles in carrying oxygen, fighting infections, and assisting in blood clotting. While the other choices listed (arterioles, lymphoid tissue, and muscle tissue) have important functions in the body, blood cell formation specifically occurs primarily in the bone marrow.
A one-month-old patient, who has developmental dysplasia of the hip, is placed in a hip spica cast. The patient's mother expresses the desire to continue breastfeeding. What is the pediatric nurse's best response?
- A. After breastfeeding, hold your baby upright for 45 minutes.
- B. Due to the weight of the cast, breastfeeding is not encouraged. I recommend that you bottle-feed.
- C. Breastfeeding can continue without significant changes; ensure proper positioning to accommodate the cast.
- D. none of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Breastfeeding can continue even with a hip spica cast, but proper positioning is essential to ensure comfort for both the infant and the mother.