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The growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland is known as _______.
- A. somatotropin
- B. prolactin
- C. luteinizing hormone
- D. follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: somatotropin. The growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland is known as somatotropin.
- "Somato" refers to the body, indicating its role in regulating body growth.
- "Tropin" refers to stimulation, emphasizing its function in promoting cell growth and regeneration.
- Prolactin (B) is responsible for milk production.
- Luteinizing hormone (C) and follicle-stimulating hormone (D) are involved in reproductive functions, not growth regulation.
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What assessment findings, specific to the endocrine glands, should a nurse observe while inspecting the skin of a client during a physical examination?
- A. Skin breaks that heal quickly
- B. Excessive hair growth or loss
- C. Increased thickness
- D. Rashes with no underlying cause
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excessive hair growth or loss can be indicative of endocrine imbalances, such as those seen in conditions like hyperthyroidism or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
A patient presents with weight loss, sweating, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, lid lag, exopthalmosis, and a goiter. Upon taking a thyroid scan, there appears to be an increased amount of iodine. What is the pathogenesis of his disease?
- A. Autoimmune Mediated
- B. Immune Complex Mediated
- C. Unknown
- D. Infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Autoimmune Mediated. In this case, the patient is presenting with symptoms of hyperthyroidism along with a goiter, which is indicative of Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where antibodies stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormones. The presence of increased iodine uptake in the thyroid scan supports this diagnosis. On the other hand, immune complex mediated diseases typically involve tissue damage caused by immune complexes, not thyroid hormone excess. The cause being unknown or infection-related are not consistent with the symptoms and thyroid scan findings in this case.
Which of the following is NOT true of growth hormone?
- A. stimulates rate of amino acid entrance into the cell
- B. stimulates protein synthesis in bones, cartilage, and muscles
- C. promotes glucose metabolism
- D. promotes fat metabolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: growth hormone does not promote glucose metabolism. Growth hormone primarily promotes protein synthesis in bones, cartilage, and muscles (B), stimulates the rate of amino acid entrance into the cell (A), and promotes fat metabolism (D). Glucose metabolism is mainly regulated by insulin, not growth hormone.
Identify a characteristic of type I diabetes (IDDM).
- A. Development has a correlation with obesity.
- B. Most common form of diabetes.
- C. Body cells do not respond to insulin.
- D. Treatment usually involves insulin injections.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sure! The correct answer is D because type I diabetes (IDDM) is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Insulin injections are necessary to replace the missing insulin.
A is incorrect because type I diabetes is not associated with obesity. B is incorrect because type II diabetes is actually the most common form. C is incorrect because in type I diabetes, the body's cells do not produce insulin, rather than not responding to it.
A patient presents with food poisoning that is attributed to botulism (Botulinum toxin poisoning). Which of the following is a correct characteristic, finding, or mechanism associated with this toxin?
- A. Complete failure of all cholinergic neurotransmission
- B. Favorable response to administration of pralidoxime
- C. Impairment of parasympathetic, but not sympathetic, nervous system activation
- D. Massive overstimulation of all structures having muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Complete failure of all cholinergic neurotransmission. Botulinum toxin inhibits acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, leading to complete failure of all cholinergic neurotransmission. This results in flaccid paralysis and characteristic symptoms of botulism. Choice B is incorrect because pralidoxime is used to treat organophosphate poisoning, not botulism. Choice C is incorrect as botulinum toxin affects both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Choice D is incorrect as botulinum toxin does not cause overstimulation but rather inhibits neurotransmission.