Nokea
The healthcare provider is developing a community outreach program to address childhood obesity. Which intervention should the healthcare provider implement first?
- A. conduct a survey to assess dietary habits and physical activity levels
- B. develop educational materials on healthy eating and exercise
- C. partner with local schools to promote physical activity programs
- D. organize community events that encourage healthy lifestyle choices
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Conducting a survey to assess dietary habits and physical activity levels should be the initial step in developing a community outreach program to address childhood obesity. By gathering data through a survey, the healthcare provider can identify specific needs, preferences, and challenges within the community. This information is crucial for designing tailored interventions that are more likely to be effective. Developing educational materials (Choice B) can come after understanding the community's needs through the survey. Partnering with local schools (Choice C) and organizing community events (Choice D) are important strategies but should be planned based on the data obtained from the survey to ensure relevance and impact.
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A client with a history of heart failure is admitted with pulmonary edema. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Peripheral edema.
- B. Oxygen saturation of 88%.
- C. Jugular vein distention.
- D. Productive cough with pink, frothy sputum.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A productive cough with pink, frothy sputum is a classic sign of pulmonary edema, indicating fluid in the lungs. This finding requires immediate intervention to prevent respiratory compromise and worsening of the condition. Peripheral edema (Choice A) is a manifestation of heart failure but is not as urgent as addressing pulmonary edema. Oxygen saturation of 88% (Choice B) is low and requires attention, but the pink, frothy sputum signifies acute respiratory distress. Jugular vein distention (Choice C) can be seen in heart failure, but the immediate concern in this scenario is addressing the pulmonary edema to ensure adequate gas exchange and oxygenation.
The healthcare provider is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism. Which laboratory result requires immediate intervention?
- A. Serum calcium of 11 mg/dL.
- B. Serum phosphorus of 3 mg/dL.
- C. Serum magnesium of 1.8 mg/dL.
- D. Serum albumin of 4 g/dL.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A serum calcium level of 11 mg/dL indicates hypercalcemia, which can be a complication of hyperparathyroidism and requires immediate intervention. Hypercalcemia can lead to serious complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias, renal failure, and neurologic symptoms. Monitoring and managing serum calcium levels are crucial in clients with hyperparathyroidism. Serum phosphorus, magnesium, and albumin levels are important to assess in clients with hyperparathyroidism, but they do not require immediate intervention as hypercalcemia poses a more urgent risk.
The healthcare provider is assessing a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Blood glucose level of 150 mg/dL.
- B. Weight gain of 2 pounds in 24 hours.
- C. Decreased urine output.
- D. Temperature of 100.3°F (37.9°C).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased urine output in a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) requires immediate intervention because it can indicate potential complications such as fluid overload or kidney dysfunction. Monitoring urine output is crucial in assessing renal function and fluid balance in patients on TPN. A blood glucose level of 150 mg/dL is within a normal range and may not require immediate intervention. Weight gain of 2 pounds in 24 hours could be a concern but may not be as urgent as addressing decreased urine output. A temperature of 100.3°F (37.9°C) is slightly elevated but may not be directly related to TPN administration unless there are other symptoms of infection present.
The school nurse is developing an individualized healthcare plan for a student with type 1 diabetes. Which component is most important to include in the plan?
- A. a schedule for blood glucose monitoring
- B. a list of low-carbohydrate snacks
- C. a contact list of healthcare providers
- D. a log for recording insulin administration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: a schedule for blood glucose monitoring. Regular blood glucose monitoring is essential in managing type 1 diabetes as it helps in monitoring blood sugar levels, adjusting treatment plans, and preventing complications such as hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Choice B, a list of low-carbohydrate snacks, while important for managing blood sugar levels, is not as critical as consistent blood glucose monitoring. Choice C, a contact list of healthcare providers, though important for emergency situations, is not the most crucial component in managing daily care. Choice D, a log for recording insulin administration, is valuable for tracking insulin doses but does not directly address the immediate need for monitoring blood glucose levels.
A public health nurse is working with a community to improve access to healthcare services. Which intervention is most likely to be effective?
- A. Setting up mobile clinics in underserved areas
- B. Distributing flyers with information about local clinics
- C. Offering transportation vouchers for medical appointments
- D. Partnering with local businesses to provide healthcare discounts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Setting up mobile clinics in underserved areas is the most effective intervention to improve access to healthcare services. Mobile clinics directly bring healthcare services to the community, making it convenient for residents to access care without having to travel long distances. Distributing flyers may increase awareness but may not address the barriers to access. Offering transportation vouchers helps with one aspect of access but does not directly provide healthcare services. Partnering with local businesses for discounts may not address the primary issue of physical access to healthcare services in underserved areas.