Nokea
The holistic health movement has impacted health care in which of the following ways?
- A. It has focused health care on disease prevention.
- B. It has reshaped how health and health care are perceived.
- C. It has improved access to health care.
- D. It has introduced numerous alternative modalities into health care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the holistic health movement emphasizes treating the whole person - mind, body, and spirit. This shifts the focus from merely treating symptoms to considering individual well-being and lifestyle factors. Choice A is not the best answer because while disease prevention is part of holistic health, it is not the primary impact on health care. Choice C is incorrect as the movement does not directly improve access to health care. Choice D is also incorrect as while alternative modalities are part of holistic health, they are not the main impact on health care.
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Mr. J has been admitted to the hospital from her own home. The admitting nurse notes that the patient has severe edema in the lower extremities, no hair on the legs, and ulcerations on her feet. These signs and symptoms are most likely indications of:
- A. A diet low in protein
- B. Exposure to the cold from a lack of heat
- C. Frequent falls and injuries because of an unsteady gait
- D. Circulatory problems related to age and a chronic illness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Circulatory problems related to age and a chronic illness. Severe edema, hair loss on the legs, and foot ulcerations are indicative of poor circulation, often seen in conditions like peripheral artery disease. Age and chronic illnesses can contribute to circulatory issues. A diet low in protein (choice A) would not directly cause these symptoms. Exposure to cold (choice B) would not explain the specific symptoms mentioned. Frequent falls (choice C) do not align with the symptoms provided.
An older adult who is a traditional Chinese man has a blood pressure of 80/54 mm Hg and refuses to remain in the bed. Which intervention should the nurse use to promote and maintain his health?
- A. Have the health care provider speak to him.
- B. Use principles of the holistic health system.
- C. Ask about his perceptions and treatment ideas.
- D. Consult with a practitioner of Chinese medicine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct as it involves understanding the patient's beliefs and preferences, crucial in culturally competent care. A would not address the patient's perspective directly. B is broad and lacks specificity. D assumes all traditional Chinese individuals seek Chinese medicine, which may not be the case.
Which physiological change in the brain is the reason the nurse allows more time for answering questions with older adults?
- A. Increased secretion of cholinesterase
- B. Decreased secretion of neurotransmitters
- C. Loss of spinal cord and brainstem neurons
- D. Atrophy of dendrites in the cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atrophy of dendrites in the cerebral cortex. With aging, there is a natural decline in brain volume and synaptic connections, leading to reduced dendritic branching and synaptic density in the cerebral cortex. This affects processing speed and cognitive functions, requiring more time for older adults to respond to questions.
Rationale:
A: Increased secretion of cholinesterase is not a physiological change associated with aging that would require more time for answering questions.
B: Decreased secretion of neurotransmitters may occur with aging but is not the primary reason for slower processing speed in older adults.
C: Loss of spinal cord and brainstem neurons is not the main factor influencing older adults' response time to questions compared to atrophy of dendrites in the cerebral cortex.
All of the following except ___are risk factors for an elderly person developing pneumonia.
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Neurological disease
- C. Heart failure
- D. COPD
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diarrhea. Diarrhea is not a risk factor for developing pneumonia in elderly individuals. The rationale for this is that pneumonia is primarily caused by respiratory infections, not gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea. Neurological disease, heart failure, and COPD are all risk factors for pneumonia because they can weaken the immune system or impair lung function, making individuals more susceptible to respiratory infections. These conditions can lead to aspiration, impaired cough reflex, or compromised lung function, increasing the likelihood of developing pneumonia.
The home care nurse is visiting an older female client whose husband died 6 months ago. What behavior by the client indicates ineffective coping?
- A. Neglecting personal grooming
- B. Looking at old pictures
- C. Participating in senior citizens' program
- D. Visiting her husband's grave
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because neglecting personal grooming indicates a lack of self-care, which is a common sign of ineffective coping after the loss of a loved one. This behavior suggests the client may be struggling emotionally and unable to engage in basic self-care tasks. Looking at old pictures, participating in social activities, and visiting the husband's grave are all healthy coping mechanisms that can help the client process her grief and maintain connections with her late husband.