Nokea
The nurse is providing a patient education session about gerontologic specialty certification. Which statement is accurate?
- A. Gerontological nursing certification indicates that a nurse has advanced knowledge and skills specifically related to the care of older adults.
- B. All nurses in long-term care must obtain gerontological certification after completing their initial training.
- C. Certification in gerontology is only necessary for nurses working in rehabilitation centers.
- D. Only nurses with a master's degree can achieve certification in gerontology.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Gerontological nursing certification focuses on advanced knowledge and skills for caring for older adults.
Step 2: This certification is not a requirement for all nurses in long-term care or limited to rehabilitation centers.
Step 3: Nurses with various levels of education, not just a master's degree, can obtain gerontological certification.
Therefore, option A is correct as it accurately states that gerontological nursing certification signifies advanced knowledge and skills specific to older adult care. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they provide inaccurate information about the certification requirements and scope.
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Which of the following can significantly improve the quality of life for older adults with chronic pain?
- A. Complete bed rest
- B. Unsupervised use of opioids
- C. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and physical therapy
- D. Isolation and minimal social interaction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and physical therapy. CBT helps older adults manage pain through changing thought patterns and behaviors, improving coping skills. Physical therapy helps maintain mobility and reduce pain. Both approaches address the physical and psychological aspects of chronic pain, leading to better quality of life.
Complete bed rest (A) can worsen pain and lead to muscle weakness. Unsupervised use of opioids (B) can be dangerous, leading to addiction and other health issues. Isolation and minimal social interaction (D) can contribute to depression and exacerbate pain.
An older women tells the nurse that her husband seldom brushes his teeth as he did in the past. A reason why older clients stop participating in daily oral hygiene, such as brushing the teeth, include:
- A. Decreased manual dexterity and inability to hold a tooth brush
- B. Malocclusion of teeth
- C. Decrease in taste acuity
- D. Lack of dental insurance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased manual dexterity and inability to hold a toothbrush. As people age, they may experience decreased hand strength and motor skills, making it difficult to hold and manipulate objects like a toothbrush. This can lead to a decline in oral hygiene practices. Malocclusion of teeth (B) does not directly impact the ability to brush teeth. Decrease in taste acuity (C) may affect appetite but not tooth brushing habits. Lack of dental insurance (D) is a financial barrier and may affect access to dental care, but it does not directly impact the physical ability to brush teeth.
Which of the following interventions has been shown to delay the onset of dementia in older adults?
- A. Strict dietary restrictions
- B. Consistent mental and physical activity
- C. Regular social isolation for mental clarity
- D. Pharmacologic interventions to control hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Consistent mental and physical activity. Engaging in mental and physical activities can help improve cognitive function, increase brain plasticity, and reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Regular stimulation of the brain through activities like puzzles, reading, and learning new skills can help delay the onset of dementia. Physical activity also promotes overall brain health by improving circulation and reducing inflammation.
Choices A, C, and D are incorrect:
A: Strict dietary restrictions may have some benefits for overall health, but there is limited evidence to suggest that it directly delays the onset of dementia.
C: Regular social isolation can actually increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, as social interaction is important for brain health.
D: Pharmacologic interventions to control hypertension may be important for overall health, but they are not specifically shown to delay the onset of dementia in older adults.
Which common cognitive impairment is often mistaken for normal aging in older adults?
- A. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Dementia with Lewy bodies
- D. Vascular dementia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is often mistaken for normal aging because it involves subtle changes in memory and thinking abilities that are beyond what is expected for age but not severe enough to be classified as dementia. Individuals with MCI may experience forgetfulness or difficulty with complex tasks, which can be misconstrued as typical age-related changes. Alzheimer's disease (B), dementia with Lewy bodies (C), and vascular dementia (D) are all forms of dementia characterized by more significant cognitive decline and functional impairment compared to MCI, making them less likely to be confused with normal aging.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in older adults due to the increased risk of falls?
- A. Beta-blockers
- B. Benzodiazepines
- C. Statins
- D. Antihypertensives
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants that can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion, increasing the risk of falls in older adults. They can also impair balance and coordination. Older adults are more sensitive to these effects due to age-related changes in metabolism and increased risk of cognitive impairment. Beta-blockers (A), statins (C), and antihypertensives (D) are generally safe in older adults and do not directly increase the risk of falls. Beta-blockers can sometimes cause dizziness but are more commonly associated with bradycardia. Statins are used to lower cholesterol levels and do not affect fall risk. Antihypertensives help lower blood pressure and can actually reduce the risk of falls by preventing conditions like orthostatic hypotension.