Nutrition For PN Nursing ATI

Nutrition For PN Nursing ATI Related

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The hormone secretin stimulates production of a buffering solution for the duodenum by the:

  • A. stomach.
  • B. liver.
  • C. pancreas.
  • D. oxyntic cells.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: pancreas. Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate, which acts as a buffering solution to neutralize the acid entering the duodenum from the stomach. This process helps in maintaining the pH balance in the small intestine. Choice A, stomach, is incorrect as the stomach does not produce the buffering solution needed for the duodenum. Choice B, liver, is incorrect because secretin does not directly stimulate the liver to produce a buffering solution. Choice D, oxyntic cells, is also incorrect as these cells in the stomach are responsible for producing gastric acid, not the buffering solution needed in the duodenum.

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Where does the absorption of most nutrients occur?

  • A. Large intestine.
  • B. Small intestine.
  • C. Stomach.
  • D. Mouth.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The absorption of most nutrients occurs in the small intestine. This is where digested food is broken down further and absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal walls. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, while the stomach mainly aids in digestion by breaking down food with gastric juices. The mouth is responsible for the initial mechanical breakdown of food through chewing and the enzymatic action of saliva, but absorption does not occur there.

What is the chemical structure that forms the base component of an amino acid?

  • A. carboxyl group
  • B. carbon chain
  • C. radicals
  • D. amino group
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the amino group. Amino acids consist of an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain attached to a central carbon atom. The amino group is essential for the formation of proteins. The carboxyl group is not the base component but another important functional group in amino acids. Carbon chain and radicals are not specific chemical structures that form the base component of an amino acid.

What substance acts as an emulsifier and helps absorb digested fat?

  • A. bile
  • B. trypsin
  • C. lipase
  • D. cholecystokinin (CCK)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: bile. Bile acts as an emulsifier, breaking down fats into smaller droplets to aid in digestion and absorption. Trypsin is a digestive enzyme that acts on proteins, not fats. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats, but it doesn't act as an emulsifier. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that stimulates the release of digestive enzymes, including lipase, but it is not directly involved in emulsification.

What is the main constituent of blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid?

  • A. potassium
  • B. sodium
  • C. water
  • D. calcium
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: water. Water is the main component of blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid. It plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including transporting nutrients, regulating body temperature, and maintaining cell structure. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while potassium, sodium, and calcium are essential electrolytes found in the body, they are not the main constituents of these fluids as water is.

Where are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands found?

  • A. mouth
  • B. stomach
  • C. pancreas
  • D. duodenum
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the main salivary glands located in the mouth. They play a crucial role in producing saliva, which aids in digestion. The stomach (choice B) is where gastric juices are produced, the pancreas (choice C) secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine, and the duodenum (choice D) is the first part of the small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs. Therefore, the correct answer is the mouth (choice A) as it is where these salivary glands are situated.

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