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The hospice nurse is caring for a patient with cancer in her home. The nurse has explained to the patient and the family that the patient is at risk for hypercalcemia and has educated them on that signs and symptoms of this health problem. What else should the nurse teach this patient and family to do to reduce the patients risk of hypercalcemia?
- A. Stool softeners are contraindicated.
- B. Laxatives should be taken daily.
- C. Consume 2 to 4 L of fluid daily.
- D. Restrict calcium intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Option C is correct because adequate hydration helps prevent hypercalcemia by promoting the excretion of excess calcium in the urine. This reduces the risk of calcium buildup in the blood. Consuming 2 to 4 liters of fluid daily ensures proper hydration, which is crucial for patients at risk for hypercalcemia. Stool softeners (Option A) are not contraindicated and can help prevent constipation, which may be a side effect of some cancer treatments. Laxatives (Option B) should not be taken daily as they can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Restricting calcium intake (Option D) is not the primary intervention for preventing hypercalcemia; rather, maintaining adequate hydration is key.
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A patient diagnosed with Bells palsy is being cared for on an outpatient basis. During health education, the nurse should promote which of the following actions?
- A. Applying a protective eye shield at night
- B. Chewing on the affected side to prevent unilateral neglect
- C. Avoiding the use of analgesics whenever possible
- D. Avoiding brushing the teeth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: Applying a protective eye shield at night is crucial for a patient with Bell's palsy to prevent corneal abrasions due to incomplete eyelid closure. This action helps protect the eye from dryness and injury, which can occur due to decreased blinking and moisture. It is essential to maintain eye health and prevent complications.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: Chewing on the affected side does not prevent unilateral neglect in Bell's palsy. Instead, encouraging balanced chewing and facial exercises would be more beneficial.
C: Avoiding the use of analgesics is not necessary for Bell's palsy management unless contraindicated, as pain management may be required for associated symptoms.
D: Avoiding brushing the teeth is not recommended. Good oral hygiene is important for overall health, including maintaining oral health during Bell's palsy.
A student nurse is doing clinical hours at an OB/GYN clinic. The student is helping to develop a plan of care for a patient with gonorrhea who has presented at the clinic. The student should include which of the following in the care plan for this patient?
- A. The patient may benefit from oral contraceptives.
- B. The patient must avoid use of tampons.
- C. The patient is susceptible to urinary incontinence.
- D. The patient should also be treated for chlamydia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D - The patient should also be treated for chlamydia.
Rationale:
1. Gonorrhea and chlamydia often coexist, so it is crucial to treat both infections to prevent complications.
2. Treating only gonorrhea may not fully resolve the patient's symptoms or prevent reinfection.
3. Dual therapy for gonorrhea and chlamydia is recommended to ensure optimal care for the patient.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: The patient may benefit from oral contraceptives - This is not directly related to the treatment of gonorrhea.
B: The patient must avoid use of tampons - This is not a standard recommendation for managing gonorrhea.
C: The patient is susceptible to urinary incontinence - This is not a typical complication of gonorrhea.
A nurse is preparing to lavage a patient in theemergency department for an overdose. Which tube should the nurse obtain?
- A. Ewald
- B. Dobhoff
- C. Miller-Abbott
- D. Sengstaken-Blakemore
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ewald tube. This tube is used for gastric lavage due to its large diameter and open end which allows for effective suction of gastric contents. The Ewald tube is specifically designed for gastric lavage and is ideal for removing toxins from the stomach.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Dobhoff tube is a small-bore feeding tube, not suitable for gastric lavage.
C: Miller-Abbott tube is used for intestinal decompression, not gastric lavage.
D: Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is used for esophageal varices, not gastric lavage.
A nurse is reviewing results from a urine specimen.What will the nurse expect to see in a patient with a urinary tract infection?
- A. Casts
- B. Protein
- C. Crystals
- D. Bacteria
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bacteria. In a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteria are typically present in the urine due to the infection of the urinary system. Bacteria may be detected through urine culture or microscopic examination.
A: Casts are not typically associated with UTIs but can indicate kidney disease.
B: Protein in the urine can indicate kidney damage or other issues, not specific to UTIs.
C: Crystals in the urine can be normal or indicate specific conditions, but they are not specific to UTIs.
In summary, the presence of bacteria in the urine is a key indicator of a UTI, while the other choices are more indicative of different conditions or factors.
A 25-year-old female patient with brain metastases is considering her life expectancy after her most recent meeting with her oncologist. Based on the fact that the patient is not receiving treatment for her brain metastases, what is the nurses most appropriate action?
- A. Promoting the patients functional status and ADLs
- B. Ensuring that the patient receives adequate palliative care
- C. Ensuring that the family does not tell the patient that her condition is terminal
- D. Promoting adherence to the prescribed medication regimen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ensuring that the patient receives adequate palliative care. Palliative care focuses on improving the quality of life for patients with serious illnesses, including managing symptoms and providing emotional support. In this case, since the patient is not receiving treatment for her brain metastases, palliative care would be most appropriate to help alleviate any pain or discomfort she may be experiencing and provide holistic support for her and her family.
A: Promoting the patient's functional status and ADLs may not be the priority if the patient's prognosis is terminal and she is not receiving treatment for her brain metastases.
C: Ensuring that the family does not tell the patient her condition is terminal goes against ethical principles of honesty and transparency in healthcare.
D: Promoting adherence to the prescribed medication regimen may not be relevant if the patient is not receiving active treatment for her brain metastases.