Nokea
The humanistic theorist developed the hierarchy of needs.
- A. Abraham Maslow
- B. Sigmund Freud
- C. Erik Erikson
- D. Jean Piaget
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Abraham Maslow introduced the hierarchy of needs as part of his humanist theory. This theory consisted of five levels of need. Maslow's hierarchy of needs begins at a lower level and proceeds to a higher level.
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The mourning process is more difficult when the bereaved:
- A. was relatively independent of the deceased.
- B. has experienced a number of previous losses.
- C. accepts that death is expected for older adults.
- D. had few unresolved conflicts with the deceased.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Factors that have negative effects on the mourning process include a high dependency on the deceased, ambivalence toward the deceased, a poor or absent support system, a high number of past losses or other recent losses, poor physical or mental health, and young age of the deceased. Data do not support the incorrect options.
A widow grieving her husbands sudden death tells the nurse, Im not feeling well. Yesterday, I saw my husband walk through the door, stop, and smile at me. Then he just faded away. Which is the nurses most appropriate action?
- A. Assess for recent substance abuse.
- B. Suggest a referral to the mental health clinic.
- C. Arrange for an evaluation for antidepressant medication.
- D. Counsel the widow that visualizations are a normal part of grieving.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Grieving patients often dream about, visualize, think about, or search for the lost loved one. The patient should be told that this is considered a normal phenomenon and not a sign of mental illness. Visualization does not suggest substance abuse or mental illness in this case.
The Montessori approach believes that the teacher's role is
- A. Director
- B. Guide
- C. Instructor
- D. Controller
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Montessori teachers guide rather than direct learning.
A patient was admitted last night with a hip fracture sustained in a fall while intoxicated. The patient points to the Buck traction and screams, 'Somebody tied me up with ropes.' The patient is experiencing:
- A. illusion
- B. delusion
- C. hallucinations
- D. hypnagogic phenomenon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: illusion. An illusion is a misinterpretation of a real external stimulus. In this case, the patient is misperceiving the traction as ropes due to the altered mental state from intoxication. It is a sensory distortion based on a real object. Delusion (B) is a fixed false belief, not related to sensory perceptions. Hallucinations (C) are false sensory perceptions without external stimulus. Hypnagogic phenomenon (D) refers to sensory experiences during the transition from wakefulness to sleep, not applicable here.
A survivor of physical spousal abuse was treated in the emergency department for a broken wrist. This patient said, Ive considered leaving, but I made a vow and I must keep it no matter what happens. Which outcome should be met before discharge? The patient will:
- A. facilitate counseling for the abuser.
- B. name two community resources for help.
- C. demonstrate insight into the abusive relationship.
- D. reexamine cultural beliefs about marital commitment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The only outcome indicator clearly attainable within this time is for staff to provide the victim with information about community resources that can be contacted. Development of insight into the abusive relationship and reexamining cultural beliefs will require time. Securing a restraining order can be accomplished quickly but not while the patient is in the emergency department. Facilitating the abusers counseling may require weeks or months.