Nokea
The inability to pass stool is known as
- A. constipation
- B. obstipation
- C. diarrhea
- D. incontinence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obstipation is the severe inability to pass stool, often more extreme than constipation, which involves hard, dry, and difficult-to-pass stool.
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Hypokalemia can occur in patients with prolonged diarrhea and is caused by a decrease in:
- A. calcium
- B. magnesium
- C. potassium
- D. sodium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypokalemia occurs when there is a decrease in serum potassium, often due to prolonged diarrhea, which can lead to life-threatening rhythm abnormalities.
The nurse would expect a patient with respiratory acidosis to have an excessive amount of
- A. Hydrogen ion
- B. Bicarbonate
- C. Oxygen
- D. Phosphate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis occurs when the arterial blood pH level falls below 7.35 and is caused by an accumulation of hydrogen ions due to impaired carbon dioxide elimination.
Specialized cells that circulate in the body to promote clotting are called:
- A. anticoagulants
- B. platelets
- C. embols
- D. platelets
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Platelets are specialized cells that promote clotting by forming a protein-based clot to prevent excessive bleeding. The option 'embols' is likely a typo for emboli, which are not cells.
Immunity which occurs when antibodies are passed from the mother to the fetus through the placenta or through breast milk is called:
- A. natural passive
- B. artificial active
- C. natural active
- D. artificial passive
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from the mother to the fetus via the placenta or breast milk, providing temporary protection.
A major serum protein that is below normal in patients who have inadequate nutrition is:
- A. Albumin
- B. Globulin
- C. Fibrinogen
- D. Transferrin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albumin is a major serum protein, and low levels are indicative of inadequate nutrition, as it is synthesized by the liver and requires adequate protein intake.