Nokea
The inappropriate use of restraints or seclusion is considered which form of intentional tort?
- A. False imprisonment
- B. Assault
- C. Battery
- D. Causation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The inappropriate use of restraints or seclusion is considered a form of false imprisonment, which is an intentional tort. False imprisonment occurs when someone intentionally restricts another person's freedom of movement without their consent or legal justification. In healthcare settings, using restraints or seclusion inappropriately on a patient can constitute false imprisonment if it is not done for the safety of the patient or others and without proper authorization. This act can lead to legal consequences and liabilities for healthcare providers.
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A patient presents with gradual-onset memory loss, confusion, and difficulty with complex tasks such as managing finances and planning. Over time, the patient develops disorientation to time and place and requires assistance with activities of daily living. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Alzheimer's disease
- B. Parkinson's disease
- C. Huntington's disease
- D. Frontotemporal dementia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's presentation of gradual-onset memory loss, confusion, difficulty with complex tasks, disorientation, and functional decline are all classic features of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits in the brain, leading to widespread neuronal damage and cognitive decline. As the disease progresses, patients typically experience worsening memory loss, cognitive impairment, and deficits in activities of daily living, ultimately requiring full-time care and assistance. Other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and frontotemporal dementia may present with cognitive impairment and behavioral changes, but the specific constellation of symptoms described in the case is most indicative of Alzheimer's disease.
What is the ultimate purpose of record keeping
- A. Safeguard information
- B. History
- C. Archive
- D. Store information
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ultimate purpose of record-keeping is to safeguard information. While history, archiving, and storing information are all important functions of record-keeping, safeguarding information stands out as the primary goal. Keeping accurate and accessible records ensures that essential information is secured, protected from unauthorized access, loss, and damage. Safeguarding information also promotes transparency, accountability, and compliance with legal and ethical standards. In the case of Nurse Mely's consideration of teamwork and collaboration in community health nursing, safeguarding the relevant information through precise and organized record-keeping is crucial for effective communication, continuity of care, and successful health outcomes.
Which of the following definition MOST accurately describes meningomyelocele? It is _______.
- A. Spinal cord tumor containing nerve roots.
- B. Complete exposure of the spinal cord and meninges.
- C. Herniation of spinal cord, cerebro-spinal fluid and meninges into a sac.
- D. Sac formation containing meninges and spinal fluid.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Meningomyelocele is a type of neural tube defect where there is a protrusion of the spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges through a defect in the vertebrae, forming a sac on the surface of the back. This condition occurs during fetal development when the neural tube fails to close completely, leading to the exposure of the spinal cord and its coverings. This herniation can result in a range of neurological deficits and complications, requiring surgical repair shortly after birth to prevent further damage and infections.
Which of the following structures is responsible for the mechanical and chemical digestion of food, as well as the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream?
- A. Liver
- B. Stomach
- C. Pancreas
- D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The stomach is the organ responsible for the mechanical and chemical digestion of food. When food enters the stomach, it is mixed with stomach acid and enzymes to break down the food into smaller particles. This process helps prepare the food for further digestion and absorption of nutrients. The stomach also plays a key role in the absorption of some nutrients, such as certain vitamins and minerals. Additionally, the stomach's muscular contractions help mix the food with digestive enzymes and propel the partially digested food into the small intestine for further processing and absorption. The liver, pancreas, and large intestine have vital functions in the digestive system, but the stomach is the primary organ responsible for the initial digestion and absorption of nutrients.
A pregnant woman presents with severe lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. On examination, cervical motion tenderness and unilateral adnexal tenderness are noted, along with an adnexal mass on the affected side. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Ovarian torsion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of severe lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in a pregnant woman, along with cervical motion tenderness, unilateral adnexal tenderness, and an adnexal mass on the affected side, is highly concerning for an ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. The presence of an adnexal mass and tenderness on one side is indicative of potential tubal involvement and can mimic symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease. Prompt evaluation and management are crucial in ectopic pregnancy to prevent life-threatening complications associated with rupture of the fallopian tube.