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The informed consent documents must include: (select all that apply)
- A. an explanation of potential risks and benefits to participants in the study.
- B. medical terminology rather than lay terms to prevent misunderstanding of the study.
- C. a statement on how the anonymity and confidentiality of participants are protected.
- D. explanation of the cost of the study.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because informed consent documents must provide participants with an explanation of potential risks and benefits to ensure they fully understand what they are agreeing to. This helps participants make an informed decision about participating. Option B is incorrect because using medical terminology can actually increase misunderstanding; lay terms are recommended. Option C is incorrect as it is essential to include a statement on protecting anonymity and confidentiality to ensure participant privacy. Option D is incorrect as explaining the cost of the study is not a necessary component of informed consent.
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It is important to realize that nurses may seek unionization if: (select all that apply)
- A. physicians rotate on-call coverage among group members for complicated long-term clients.
- B. scheduling is presented that provides adequate staffing on holidays by rotation of time off for holidays among nurses.
- C. incident report trends indicate medication errors are caused by shift reports being taped and heard after nurses from the prior shift have left the unit.
- D. physicians, nurses, nutritionists, and physical therapists visit concurrently with clients to plan care.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
Choice C is correct because it highlights a significant issue related to patient safety - medication errors caused by delayed shift reports. This creates a legitimate concern for nurses regarding the effectiveness of communication and ultimately patient care. Seeking unionization could be a way for nurses to address this issue collectively.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on physician coverage rather than nurse concerns.
- Choice B is incorrect as it addresses staffing and scheduling but does not directly relate to nurses seeking unionization.
- Choice D is incorrect as it describes a collaborative care approach, which does not necessarily indicate a need for unionization among nurses.
A nurse is preparing to teach a class related to risk factors for cancer to a diverse ethnic group attending a health fair. The nurse should be aware:
- A. that Hispanic women overestimate the prevalence of cancer and strictly following breast self-examination guidelines.
- B. of the importance of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption that increase esophageal cancer when speaking with black.
- C. that American-Indian women have a higher rate of ovarian cancer than the general population.
- D. that cancer as well as heart disease and stroke are lower in ethnic groups.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it provides accurate information about a specific risk factor related to a particular ethnic group. American-Indian women do have a higher rate of ovarian cancer than the general population, making it crucial for the nurse to be aware of this when teaching about cancer risk factors.
A is incorrect as it discusses breast cancer and not ovarian cancer. B is incorrect as it mentions esophageal cancer, which is not the specific focus of the question. D is also incorrect as it makes a general statement about cancer, heart disease, and stroke in ethnic groups without providing specific information about ovarian cancer in American-Indian women.
An orthopedic unit is considering different types of care delivery models and staff have an opportunity to ask questions about how the models differ. The nurse manager provides an overview and uses the above visual to demonstrate which model of care delivery?
- A. Team
- B. Partnership
- C. Primary
- D. Functional
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Team. In a team care delivery model, multiple healthcare professionals work collaboratively to provide comprehensive care to patients. This is demonstrated in the visual of the orthopedic unit considering different types of care delivery models. The team model emphasizes teamwork, communication, and coordination among healthcare providers to ensure holistic patient care.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Partnership typically involves collaboration between healthcare providers and patients but may not necessarily involve multiple healthcare professionals working together as a team.
C: Primary care delivery model focuses on the patient's main point of contact, usually a primary care physician, rather than a team approach.
D: Functional care delivery model organizes care based on specific functions or tasks, which may not emphasize the collaborative teamwork seen in a team care delivery model.
Florence Nightingale is attributed with being intelligent (she developed statistical methods to evaluate health care), dependable (she often worked long hours to care for the injured), and ambitious (she fought against society's perception of nursing). Those who depict her as a leader on the basis of these qualities are practicing which leadership theory?
- A. Trait
- B. Chaos
- C. Bureaucracy
- D. Organizational
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Identify the qualities attributed to Florence Nightingale: intelligent, dependable, ambitious.
Step 2: Recognize these qualities as traits.
Step 3: Trait theory states that effective leaders possess certain traits.
Step 4: Florence Nightingale's leadership qualities align with trait theory.
Step 5: Therefore, depicting her as a leader based on her traits falls under trait theory.
Summary:
A: Trait theory focuses on inherent qualities of leaders, which align with Florence Nightingale's qualities.
B: Chaos theory emphasizes unpredictability and complexity, not relevant here.
C: Bureaucracy theory centers on structured organizations, not applicable to Nightingale's personal traits.
D: Organizational theory addresses structure and management within organizations, not related to individual leadership attributes like traits.
The novice nurse arrives on the nursing unit, is introduced to the staff, is assigned a preceptor, and is asked to participate in the next staff meeting. This introduction into nursing is appropriately termed:
- A. biculturalism.
- B. socialization.
- C. transition.
- D. "going native."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: socialization. Socialization is the process by which individuals learn and adapt to the values, norms, and behaviors of a particular group, in this case, the nursing profession. In this scenario, the novice nurse is being introduced to the staff, assigned a preceptor, and asked to participate in a staff meeting, all of which are key components of the socialization process in nursing.
A: Biculturalism refers to the coexistence of two distinct cultures within one society, which is not applicable in this context.
C: Transition is the process of changing from one state to another, which is a broader concept than just the introduction to a new profession.
D: "Going native" is a colloquial term that refers to adopting the lifestyle or customs of a foreign culture, which is not relevant to the scenario of a novice nurse being introduced to the nursing profession.