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The IOM Report Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality issued a number of challenges to the educational programs that teach nurses and members of other health professions. According to this report, what activity should educational institutions prioritize?
- A. More clearly delineate each professions scope of practice during education
- B. Move toward developing a single health curriculum that can be adapted for any health profession
- C. Include interdisciplinary core competencies into curricula
- D. Elicit input from patients and families into health care curricula
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality challenged health professions education programs to integrate interdisciplinary core competencies into their respective curricula to include patient-centered care, interdisciplinary teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics. This report did not specify clearer definitions of scope of practice, patient input, or a single curriculum.
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A hospitals current quality improvement program has integrated the principles of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) 5 Million Lives Campaign. How can the hospital best achieve the campaign goals of reducing preventable harm and death?
- A. By adhering to EBP guidelines
- B. By reducing nurse-to-patient ratios and increasing accountability
- C. By having researchers from outside the facility evaluate care
- D. By involving patients and families in their care planning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 5 Million Lives Campaign posits that if evidence-based guidelines it advocated were voluntarily implemented by U.S. hospitals, 5 million lives would be saved from either harm or death over a two-year period. Nurse-to-patient ratios, family participation, and independent evaluation are not stated components of the campaign.
A nurse is speaking to a group of prospective nursing students about what it is like to be a nurse. What is one characteristic the nurse would cite as necessary to possess to be an effective nurse?
- A. Sensitivity to cultural differences
- B. Team-focused approach to problem-solving
- C. Strict adherence to routine
- D. Ability to face criticism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To promote an effective nurse-patient relationship and positive outcomes of care, nursing care must be culturally competent, appropriate, and sensitive to cultural differences. Team-focused nursing and strict adherence to routine are not characteristics needed to be an effective nurse. The ability to handle criticism is important, but to a lesser degree than cultural competence.
A team of community health nurses are planning to draft a proposal for a program that will increase the communitys alignment with the principles contained in the Healthy People 2020 report. Which of the following activities would best demonstrate the priorities identified in this report?
- A. Addressing determinants of health such as clean environments and safety in the community
- B. Lobbying for increased funding to the county hospital where many residents receive primary care
- C. Collaborating with health professionals in neighboring communities to pool resources and increase efficiencies
- D. Creating clinical placements where nursing students and members of other health disciplines can gain experience in a community setting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Healthy People 2020 addresses social determinants of health such as safety and the state of the environment. This report does not specifically address matters such as hospital funding, nursing education, or resource allocation.
A public health nurse has been commissioned to draft a health promotion program that meets the health care needs and expectations of the community. Which of the following focuses is most likely to influence the nurses choice of interventions?
- A. Management of chronic conditions and disability
- B. Increasing need for self-care among a younger population
- C. A shifting focus to disease management
- D. An increasing focus on acute conditions and rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In response to current priorities, health care must focus more on management of chronic conditions and disability than in previous times. The other answers are incorrect because the change in focus of health care is not an increasing need for self-care among our aging population; our focus is shifting away from disease management, not toward it; and we are moving away from the management of acute conditions to managing chronic conditions.
A case manager has been hired at a rural hospital that has a combined medical-surgical unit. When defining this new role, which of the following outcomes should be prioritized by the hospitals leadership?
- A. Decreased need for physician services
- B. Improved patient and family education
- C. Increased adherence to the principles of EBP
- D. Increased coordination of health services
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Case management is a system of coordinating health care services to ensure cost-effectiveness, accountability, and quality care. The case manager coordinates the care of a caseload of patients through facilitating communication between nurses, other health care personnel who provide care, and insurance companies. Reducing the need for physician services is not a central goal. Education and EBP are consistent with case management, but they are not central to this particular role.