Nokea
The Karnofsky prognostication scale is most appropriately used to screen patients with which medical diagnoses?
- A. Respiratory diseases
- B. Cancers
- C. Cardiac diseases
- D. AIDS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Karnofsky Prognostication Scale is commonly used in patients with terminal illness, such as AIDS, to assess their functional status and predict their prognosis. Patients with AIDS often experience rapid decline in health, making this scale useful in determining their overall well-being and potential outcomes.
Incorrect choices:
A: Respiratory diseases - The Karnofsky scale is not commonly used for screening patients with respiratory diseases.
B: Cancers - While the Karnofsky scale can be used for cancer patients, it is most commonly associated with terminal illnesses like AIDS.
C: Cardiac diseases - The Karnofsky scale is not typically used for screening patients with cardiac diseases.
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The research hypothesis is that aromatherapy reduces stress more effectively than does acupuncture. The researcher does not identify a control group. This study would be a(n) design.
- A. experimental
- B. quasi-experimental
- C. survey
- D. meta-analysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: experimental design. In an experimental design, the researcher manipulates one variable (aromatherapy vs. acupuncture) to observe its effect on another variable (stress). Without a control group, it is impossible to establish a baseline for comparison. A control group is essential to isolate the effects of the treatment from other variables. Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, surveys are used to gather data rather than test hypotheses, and meta-analyses involve combining and analyzing results from multiple studies.
A student nurse is concerned about delegation practices and wonders why hospitals employ unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) and LPN/LVNs. The student nurse refers to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing and learns that the role of these personnel is to:
- A. supplement the staffing pattern when an RN is not available.
- B. aid the RN by performing appropriately delegated care tasks.
- C. replace the RN when the health care facility provides long-term care.
- D. provide patient teaching, allowing more direct care to be provided by the RN.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: aid the RN by performing appropriately delegated care tasks. UAP and LPN/LVNs are crucial in supporting the RN by carrying out tasks within their scope of practice under the RN's supervision. This is essential to ensure efficient patient care delivery and allow the RN to focus on more complex nursing assessments and interventions.
A: Supplementing the staffing pattern when an RN is not available is incorrect because UAP and LPN/LVNs work alongside RNs, not as substitutes for them.
C: Replacing the RN in long-term care settings is incorrect as UAP and LPN/LVNs provide valuable assistance but do not replace the RN's role.
D: Providing patient teaching to allow more direct care by the RN is incorrect as UAP and LPN/LVNs focus on task-based care rather than patient education, which is typically within the RN's scope of practice.
A nurse who functions in the role of team leader can be held negligent for matters involving:
- A. inadequate training.
- B. lack of development of proper policies and procedures.
- C. failure to discipline unsafe workers.
- D. delegation of client care tasks.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: delegation of client care tasks. A team leader nurse can be held negligent for improper delegation as they are responsible for assigning tasks to appropriate staff ensuring safe and effective care. This is crucial for patient safety. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because inadequate training, lack of policies, and failure to discipline unsafe workers are not directly related to the nurse's role in delegation and immediate patient care responsibilities.
The first university to offer nursing graduates a baccalaureate degree was:
- A. Columbia Teachers College.
- B. Yale University.
- C. Harvard University.
- D. the New York Regents Program.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Columbia Teachers College. This institution was the first to offer nursing graduates a baccalaureate degree, pioneering the advancement of nursing education. Columbia Teachers College had a dedicated nursing program that emphasized academic and clinical training, setting the standard for future nursing education.
Explanation:
A: Columbia Teachers College - Correct. Pioneered baccalaureate degree for nursing graduates.
B: Yale University - Incorrect. Not historically known for offering the first baccalaureate degree in nursing.
C: Harvard University - Incorrect. Focused on medical education, not nursing, at the time.
D: New York Regents Program - Incorrect. Not a university and did not offer baccalaureate degrees in nursing.
A nursing student asks, "I wonder if the reason that the nursing shortage is so severe is that registered nurses are unhappy with their jobs." To research the answer, the National Survey of Registered Nurses was reviewed and found:
- A. registered nurses change employers every year to prevent burnout and to keep the nursing shortage from increasing.
- B. nursing faculty are aging or leaving academia due to increased work demands and generational difference from students.
- C. practicing registered nurses are satisfied with their job and most remain with same employer they worked for the previous year.
- D. registered nurses were the least satisfied with their job of all health care providers.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: The question asks about the reason for the nursing shortage and references the National Survey of Registered Nurses.
Step 2: Choice C states that practicing registered nurses are satisfied with their jobs and most remain with the same employer they worked for the previous year.
Step 3: This suggests that the nursing shortage is not due to registered nurses being unhappy with their jobs and leaving.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it directly addresses the misconception presented in the question.
Step 5: Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the information provided in the National Survey of Registered Nurses and do not address the actual reason for the nursing shortage.