Nokea
The LEAST helpful advice for a 10-month-old baby refusing spoon feeding is
- A. respect infant independence
- B. offer softer diet
- C. use 2 spoons (1 for child and 1 for parent)
- D. use finger foods
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Offering softer diet may not address refusal due to developmental factors.
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a woman who is pregnant is undergoing an amniocentesis. during the test, elevated levels of AFP are found. this indicate to which of the following conditions :
- A. CP
- B. spina bifida
- C. down syndrome
- D. hydrocephalus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated levels of AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) in the amniotic fluid during an amniocentesis often indicate neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. Spina bifida is a condition where the spinal cord does not develop properly, leading to a range of possible issues depending on the severity of the defect. In this case, the elevated AFP levels point towards a higher likelihood of spina bifida rather than other conditions like CP (cerebral palsy), Down syndrome, or hydrocephalus.
For most children with enuresis, the only test recommended is
- A. blood sugar
- B. serum electrolytes
- C. urinalysis
- D. abdominal sonography
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urinalysis is the standard initial test for evaluating enuresis to rule out urinary tract infections or other conditions.
A 2-year-old child presents with a peeling, erythematous rash on the hands and feet. The mother reports that he has become ill tempered and refuses to walk about, preferring to lie in bed. Physical examination reveals an irritable, pale child with photophobia. Temperature is 98.5°F, heart rate is 80/minute, and respiratory rate is 23/minute. Tremor of the tongue is evident. Further history and follow-up evaluation reveal that the child's elder brothers have been playing with liquid mercury. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Measles
- B. Fifth disease
- C. Kawasaki disease
- D. Acrodynia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acrodynia, also known as pink disease, is caused by chronic mercury exposure. The symptoms described, including the rash, irritability, photophobia, and tremor, are consistent with mercury poisoning.
Which is most important in the immediate care of the newborn?
- A. Maintain patent airway.
- B. Maintain stable body temperature.
- C. Administer prophylactic eye care.
- D. Establish identification of mother and baby.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining a patent airway is the most critical aspect in the immediate care of a newborn. An open airway is essential for the newborn to breathe effectively and receive adequate oxygen. Any obstruction in the airway can lead to respiratory distress and compromise the baby's oxygenation. Therefore, ensuring the airway is clear and the newborn can breathe properly is the top priority in providing immediate care. While other choices are important aspects of newborn care, ensuring a patent airway takes precedence in order to support the newborn's respiratory function and overall well-being.
Childhood primary brain stem tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors; the outcome usually depends on the tumor location. Which tumor, depending on the site of tumor, carries the worst prognosis?
- A. focal dorsally exophytic
- B. cervicomedullary diffuse intrinsic
- C. none of the above
- D. diffuse intrinsic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) have the worst prognosis among brainstem tumors.