Nokea
The main clinical feature in hyperemesis gravidarum is
- A. Persistent vomiting or nausea
- B. Persistent sight-related problems
- C. Persistent diarrhoea and vomiting
- D. Frequency or urgency of micturition
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Persistent vomiting or nausea. Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of morning sickness characterized by persistent vomiting and nausea during pregnancy. This is the main clinical feature due to hormonal changes and increased sensitivity to certain odors. Choice B is incorrect as sight-related problems are not a typical feature of hyperemesis gravidarum. Choice C is incorrect as persistent diarrhea is not a defining feature of this condition. Choice D is incorrect as frequency or urgency of micturition is not a primary symptom of hyperemesis gravidarum.
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During neonatal resuscitation, dry wiping is aimed at
- A. Preventing hypothermia and facilitating tactile stimulation
- B. Preventing hemorrhage and clearing of the airway
- C. Preventing infection and facilitating tactile stimulation
- D. Improving the appearance and preventing infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Preventing hypothermia and facilitating tactile stimulation. Dry wiping during neonatal resuscitation helps prevent hypothermia by removing wetness from the baby's skin. It also facilitates tactile stimulation, which can help stimulate the baby's breathing.
Summary:
B: Preventing hemorrhage and clearing of the airway - Dry wiping does not prevent hemorrhage or clear the airway directly.
C: Preventing infection and facilitating tactile stimulation - While dry wiping can help prevent infection, its primary aim during neonatal resuscitation is to prevent hypothermia.
D: Improving the appearance and preventing infection - Dry wiping is not done for cosmetic reasons; its main purpose is to prevent hypothermia.
Secondary postpartum haemorrhage mostly occurs between the 8th-14th day postpartumly and can extend up to the first 46 days following delivery.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. Rarely True
- D. Sometimes True
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because secondary postpartum hemorrhage typically occurs between the 8th-14th day postpartum and can extend up to 6 weeks after delivery. This timeframe aligns with the physiological changes and healing process after childbirth.
Choice B is incorrect because it contradicts the established timeframe for secondary postpartum hemorrhage.
Choice C is incorrect as secondary postpartum hemorrhage is not rare but rather a recognized complication that can occur after childbirth.
Choice D is incorrect as secondary postpartum hemorrhage does not happen sporadically, but rather follows a defined timeframe based on postpartum physiological changes.
The progression of coronary artery plaque formation can lead to a variety of pathologic conditions. When subtotal plaque disruption occurs resulting in vasoconstriction, platelet activation, and embolization, it most commonly causes which clinical phenomenon?
- A. Endothelial cell dysfunction
- B. Prinzmetal’s angina
- C. Transmural myocardial infarction
- D. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Transmural myocardial infarction. Subtotal plaque disruption leads to vasoconstriction, platelet activation, and embolization, causing complete occlusion of a coronary artery. This results in ischemia of the entire thickness of the myocardial wall, leading to transmural myocardial infarction. Endothelial cell dysfunction (A) is an early event in atherosclerosis but does not directly result from subtotal plaque disruption. Prinzmetal's angina (B) is caused by transient coronary artery spasm rather than plaque disruption. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (D) involves incomplete blockage of a coronary artery and typically does not result from subtotal plaque disruption.
Delivery of breech with an extended head is accomplished through
- A. Burns Marshall maneuver
- B. Lovset maneuver
- C. Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit
- D. McRobert’s maneuver
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit maneuver for delivery of breech with an extended head. This maneuver involves flexing the head while still in the vagina to allow for easier delivery. The Burns Marshall maneuver (A) is for impacted fetal shoulders, Lovset maneuver (B) is for shoulder dystocia, and McRobert's maneuver (D) is for shoulder dystocia as well. The Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit maneuver is specifically designed for delivering a breech with an extended head, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
A neonate of a smear-negative mother just before birth receives BCG as usual.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. This is because BCG vaccination for newborns is recommended even if the mother is smear-negative for tuberculosis, as it helps protect the newborn from severe forms of TB. Smear status of the mother does not impact the need for BCG vaccination in the neonate. Choice B is incorrect as it falsely implies that BCG should not be given in this scenario. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any information.