Nokea
The male client diagnosed with essential hypertension has been prescribed an alpha-adrenergic blocker. Which intervention should the nurse discuss with the client?
- A. Eat at least one (1) banana a day to help increase the potassium level.
- B. Explain that impotence is an expected side effect of the medication.
- C. Take the medication on an empty stomach to increase absorption.
- D. Change position slowly when going from a lying to sitting position.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alpha blockers cause orthostatic hypotension; changing positions slowly (D) prevents falls. Bananas (A) are unrelated, impotence (B) is possible but not expected, and empty stomach (C) is not required.
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Which finding in a client with cardiomyopathy indicates a need for immediate action?
- A. Blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg
- B. New irregular heart rhythm
- C. Mild leg swelling
- D. Fatigue after activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A new irregular heart rhythm may indicate a life-threatening arrhythmia, requiring immediate intervention.
The client asks the nurse, 'My doctor just told me that atherosclerosis is why my legs hurt when I walk. What does that mean?' Which response by the nurse would be the best response?
- A. The muscle fibers and endothelial lining of your arteries have become thickened.'
- B. The next time you see your HCP, ask what atherosclerosis means.'
- C. The valves in the veins of your legs are incompetent so your legs hurt.'
- D. You have a hardening of your arteries that decreases the oxygen to your legs.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atherosclerosis causes arterial hardening, reducing leg oxygen (D), a clear explanation for claudication. Thickening (A) is technical, deferring (B) avoids teaching, and venous valves (C) are unrelated.
Which instruction should the nurse include when providing discharge instructions to a client diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease?
- A. Encourage the client to use a heating pad on the lower extremities.
- B. Demonstrate to the client the correct way to apply elastic support hose.
- C. Instruct the client to walk daily for at least 30 minutes.
- D. Tell the client to check both feet for red areas at least once a week.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Daily walking for 30 minutes (C) promotes collateral circulation in PAD. Heating pads (A) risk burns, elastic hose (B) are for venous disease, and weekly checks (D) are insufficient (daily needed).
Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely in a client with heart failure? Select all that apply.
- A. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- B. Serum potassium
- C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- D. Hemoglobin A1c
- E. Serum sodium
- F. Platelet count
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: BNP indicates heart failure severity, potassium and sodium affect fluid balance and medication safety, and BUN reflects renal perfusion.
Which complication of uncontrolled hypertension should the nurse include in client teaching? Select all that apply.
- A. Stroke
- B. Kidney failure
- C. Heart attack
- D. Liver cirrhosis
- E. Vision loss
- F. Peripheral neuropathy
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Uncontrolled hypertension can damage blood vessels, leading to stroke, kidney failure, heart attack, and vision loss.