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The medical-surgical nurse, who cares for a patient newly diagnosed with cancer, observes the patient becoming angry with the physicians and nursing staff. The best approach to diffuse the emotionally charged discussion is to
- A. allow the patient and family members time to be alone.
- B. arrange time for the patient to speak with another patient with cancer.
- C. direct the discussion and validation of emotion, without false reassurance.
- D. request a consultation from a social worker on the oncology unit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Validating emotions without dismissing them helps the patient process feelings.
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Derek has recently converted his outdoor garage to a gym. He has been exercising frequently in his new gym due to the convenience, even in the extreme heat. He has started taking salt tablets. The physician thinks his current symptoms may be owing to hypernatremia. His physician recognizes these as:
- A. Cardiac arrhythmias,palpitations and sinus arrest.
- B. Weakness,dizziness,abdominal distention, nausea ,vomiting, and diarrhea.
- C. Weight gain,irritability,muscle twitching and decreased myocardial contractility.
- D. Muscle cramps,malaise,constipation,rhabdomyolysis and pupillary constriction.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Weakness, dizziness, abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (B). Hypernatremia occurs when there is an excess of sodium in the body, often due to dehydration or excessive salt intake. Symptoms include gastrointestinal disturbances, neurological symptoms like confusion and dizziness, and muscle weakness.
A client is postoperative following an intermaxillary fixation due to multiple facial fractures. Which type of equipment should be at the client's bedside?
- A. Wire cutters
- B. NG tube
- C. Urinary catheter tray
- D. IV infusion pump
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Wire cutters. In postoperative intermaxillary fixation, wire cutters are essential at the bedside in case of an emergency airway obstruction or need for immediate removal of the fixation. Wire cutters allow quick access to the airway without causing harm to the client.
B: NG tube is not necessary for postoperative intermaxillary fixation.
C: Urinary catheter tray is not directly related to the client's airway or fixation.
D: IV infusion pump is not specifically required for managing intermaxillary fixation emergencies.
In summary, wire cutters are crucial for ensuring client safety and airway management in postoperative intermaxillary fixation, making it the most appropriate equipment to have at the bedside.
In addition to assessing the degree of the client’s impairment, which of the following information should a nurse obtain from a client who has recently turned blind?
- A. About the client’s diet
- B. About the client’s allergy history
- C. About the client’s family’s medical history
- D. About how the client is coping with the visual problems
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Understanding the client's emotional and psychological state is crucial for providing holistic care.
A 25-year-old client is admitted for a tonsillectomy and informs the nurse of having had episodes of muscle cramps, weakness, and an unexplained temperature elevation. Many years ago, the client's father died shortly after surgery subsequent to developing a high fever. The surgeon has ordered dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) prophylactically prior to the tonsillectomy to reduce the risk of:
- A. a postoperative infection.
- B. malignant hyperthermia.
- C. neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
- D. a postoperative fever.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) is a peripheral skeletal muscle relaxant and would have no effect on a postoperative infection. Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) is indicated prophylactically for clients with malignant hyperthermia or with a family history of the disorder. The mortality rate for malignant hyperthermia is high. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is an exercise-induced muscle pain and spasm and is not related to malignant hyperthermia. Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) is a peripheral skeletal muscle relaxant and would have no effect on a postoperative fever.
Why may it pose a challenge to supplement or restrict dietary consumption when providing health-related education to clients from culturally diverse populations?
- A. Cultural beliefs about food may conflict with dietary recommendations.
- B. Clients may prefer traditional healers over modern medicine.
- C. Language barriers may hinder understanding.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cultural beliefs significantly influence dietary habits, requiring sensitivity and adaptation in health education.