Nokea
The menstrual cycle lasts on average 28 days. Day 1 is the first day that ___________ starts, and usually finishes by day 5
- A. Menopause
- B. ovulation
- C. Implantation
- D. menstruation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: menstruation. Day 1 of the menstrual cycle is the first day of menstruation, which typically lasts around 3-7 days. Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining when pregnancy has not occurred. This marks the beginning of a new cycle. Menopause (A) is the cessation of menstruation and fertility typically occurring in women in their 40s-50s. Ovulation (B) is the release of an egg from the ovary, usually occurring around day 14 of the cycle. Implantation (C) is the attachment of a fertilized egg to the uterus, which occurs around 6-10 days after ovulation.
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Regarding gross anatomy of the female reproductive system
- A. Ovarian vessels located in ovarian ligament
- B. Anteverted- anteflexed is the normal position of the uterus
- C. Pouch of douglas separated uterus from rectum
- D. Pulsation of uterine artery can be palpated at the posterior fornix of vagina
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the pulsation of the uterine artery can indeed be palpated at the posterior fornix of the vagina. This is an important anatomical landmark used in gynecological examinations.
A: The ovarian vessels are located in the suspensory ligament of the ovary, not the ovarian ligament.
B: The normal position of the uterus is anteverted and anteflexed.
C: The Pouch of Douglas is a potential space between the uterus and rectum, not a structure that physically separates them.
The opening to the uterus:
- A. Vagina
- B. Ovary
- C. Cervix
- D. hypermenorrhoea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cervix. The cervix is the opening to the uterus, allowing passage of sperm into the uterus and menstrual blood out of the uterus. The vagina (A) is the canal leading from the cervix to the outside of the body. The ovary (B) is responsible for producing eggs and hormones but is not the opening to the uterus. Hypermenorrhoea (D) refers to excessive menstrual bleeding and is not related to the opening to the uterus.
Which of the following instructions would a nurse give a client undergoing treatment for an HSV-2 infection?
- A. Have an annual Papanicolaou smear to detect cervical cancer.
- B. Have an annual mammogram to detect breast cancer.
- C. Increase the frequency of breast self-examination for early detection of any breast disorders.
- D. Undergo an HIV detection test every six months.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular Pap smears are important for detecting cervical changes related to HSV-2.
Paraurethral (Skene’s) glands secrete
- A. Estrogen
- B. Mucus
- C. Testosterone
- D. Androgens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The paraurethral (Skene's) glands are responsible for secreting mucus to facilitate lubrication during sexual arousal. This mucus aids in lubricating the urethra and providing moisture for sexual intercourse. Estrogen (Choice A) is a hormone produced by the ovaries and not directly related to the function of Skene's glands. Testosterone (Choice C) and androgens (Choice D) are male sex hormones and are not involved in the secretion of mucus by Skene's glands. Therefore, the correct answer is B, mucus, as it aligns with the known function of the paraurethral glands.
___________is an organelle that helps the sperm to penetrate the ovum.
- A. Acrosome
- B. Zona pellucida
- C. Megalis
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acrosome. The acrosome is an organelle in the head of the sperm that contains enzymes which help the sperm penetrate the outer layer of the ovum during fertilization. It plays a crucial role in the fertilization process.
Explanation of other choices:
B: Zona pellucida is the outer membrane of the ovum that the sperm needs to penetrate, not an organelle within the sperm itself.
C: Megalis is not a relevant organelle involved in fertilization.
D: None of the above is incorrect as the acrosome is the specific organelle that aids in sperm penetration of the ovum.