Nokea
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic refers to:
- A. The lowest concentration that kills bacteria
- B. The dose required for 50% bacterial inhibition
- C. The time it takes for an antibiotic to work
- D. The spectrum of bacteria the antibiotic targets
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A) The lowest concentration that kills bacteria is known as the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), not the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that inhibits visible growth of bacteria.
B) The MIC of an antibiotic is the concentration at which bacterial growth is inhibited by 50%. This concentration is used to determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic against a specific bacterium.
C) The time it takes for an antibiotic to work is not described by the MIC. MIC is a measure of concentration, not time.
D) The spectrum of bacteria the antibiotic targets is not defined by the MIC. The MIC value is specific to a particular antibiotic and bacterium, regardless of the spectrum of activity of the antibiotic.
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What type of lens is thinner at the center than at the edges and causes light rays to diverge?
- A. Convex lens
- B. Concave lens
- C. Diverging lens
- D. Plano-convex lens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A concave lens is thinner at the center than at the edges, causing light rays to diverge when passing through it. This type of lens is also known as a diverging lens because it causes light rays to spread out. Concave lenses are used in various optical devices to correct vision problems and in scientific instruments to diverge light rays for specific purposes. The other choices are incorrect. A convex lens is thicker at the center and converges light rays, while a plano-convex lens has one flat surface and one convex surface, converging light. Diverging lens is a general term that can refer to concave or plano-concave lenses, but in this context, the specific type being referred to is a concave lens.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
- A. Mass is the amount of matter in an object, whereas weight is the force of gravity acting on an object.
- B. Mass is a measure of inertia, whereas weight is a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object.
- C. Mass is measured in pounds, whereas weight is measured in kilograms.
- D. Mass is a vector quantity, whereas weight is a scalar quantity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is a scalar quantity, whereas weight is the force of gravity acting on an object and is a vector quantity. Mass remains constant regardless of the location, while weight can vary depending on the strength of gravity at different locations. Answer choice A correctly defines the difference between mass and weight, making it the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect because mass is not a measure of inertia. Choice C is incorrect as mass is typically measured in kilograms, not pounds. Choice D is incorrect as mass is a scalar quantity, and weight is a vector quantity.
The lymphatic system works closely with which other body system to fight infections?
- A. Respiratory system
- B. Digestive system
- C. Immune system
- D. Nervous system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The lymphatic system and the immune system work closely together to fight infections. The lymphatic system aids the immune system by circulating white blood cells, a crucial component in combating pathogens, throughout the body. This collaboration helps identify and eliminate harmful invaders to maintain the body's health and well-being. Choice A (Respiratory system) is incorrect because while it plays a role in oxygen exchange and removing carbon dioxide, it is not primarily responsible for fighting infections. Choice B (Digestive system) is incorrect as its main functions involve breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, not directly fighting infections. Choice D (Nervous system) is incorrect because its primary role is in transmitting signals throughout the body and controlling bodily functions, not in fighting infections.
Dietary fiber, although not fully digested by the body, plays a crucial role in digestion. What is one of the main benefits of consuming sufficient dietary fiber?
- A. Provides a concentrated source of energy
- B. Aids in the absorption of vitamins and minerals
- C. Promotes satiety and gut health
- D. Breaks down complex carbohydrates
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Consuming sufficient dietary fiber promotes satiety and gut health by adding bulk to the diet, helping with feelings of fullness, and supporting healthy digestion. Additionally, fiber aids in regulating bowel movements and maintaining a healthy gut microbiota, contributing to overall digestive wellness. It does not provide a concentrated source of energy as fiber is not fully digested for energy production, nor does it directly aid in the absorption of vitamins and minerals. Fiber does not break down complex carbohydrates but rather assists in their digestion and absorption by slowing down the process, which helps in maintaining stable blood sugar levels and promoting better overall health.
What is the process of a gas changing into a liquid called?
- A. Evaporation
- B. Boiling
- C. Condensation
- D. Sublimation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Condensation is the process where gas particles release energy, slow down, and come together to form a liquid. This phase change occurs when the temperature of the gas decreases, causing the particles to lose energy and transition into the liquid state. In condensation, the gas loses heat energy, leading to a decrease in kinetic energy, which allows the particles to come closer together and form a liquid. This transformation is commonly observed when water vapor in the air cools down and turns into liquid water droplets, seen as dew or fog. Evaporation (choice A) is the opposite process where a liquid changes into a gas. Boiling (choice B) is the rapid phase change from liquid to gas that occurs at a specific temperature. Sublimation (choice D) is the direct transition of a substance from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase.