Nokea
The MMR vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women because:
- A. Pregnant women do not build adequate immunity to the vaccine
- B. There is a risk of the pregnant women developing measles encephalopathy
- C. There is a risk of the fetus developing congenital rubella syndrome
- D. Pregnant women can receive the MMR vaccine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: MMR (live vaccine) risks fetal congenital rubella syndrome ; pregnancy contraindicates it, not immunity or encephalopathy .
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The nurse is preparing to administer Lanoxin to a patient on the telemetry unit. In addition to understanding the patient's diagnosis, the nurse must also know which characteristic(s) of the medication?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Chemical composition
- B. Adverse effects
- C. Expected actions
- D. Contraindications for use
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse must understand the individual patient's diagnosis and symptoms that correlate with the rationale for drug use. The nurse should also know why a medication is ordered, expected actions, usual dosing, proper dilution, route and rate of administration, adverse effects, and contraindications for the use of a particular drug. It is not required that the nurse know the chemical composition of the medication prior to administration.
Which of the following class of agonists can precipitate hyperglycemia in diabetics?
- A. a 1-agonists
- B. α2-agonists
- C. β1-agonists
- D. β2-agonists
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Beta-2 agonists (e.g., salbutamol) increase glycogenolysis, raising blood glucose.
The nurse caring for a patient who has tuberculosis and who is taking isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin reviews the medical record and notes the patient's sputum cultures reveal resistance to streptomycin. The nurse will expect the provider to order which drug?
- A. Isoniazid (INH)
- B. Pyrazinamide
- C. Rifampin (Rifadin)
- D. Streptomycin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: INH is the prophylactic standard for TB contacts; other drugs aren't typically used alone for this. INH is the drug of choice for prophylactic treatment of patients who have had close contact with a patient who has tuberculosis.
59 old year female hospitalized in emergency department with confusion and breathlessness. Physical examination reveals: tachycardia, tachypnea and disorientation. Patient has diabetes type 2 and remember that she has taken a drug in the morning. Which of the following can cause the above mentioned symptoms:
- A. Acarbose
- B. Glipizide
- C. Glucagon
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glipizide can cause hypoglycemia leading to confusion, tachycardia, and breathlessness, especially if taken without food.
The nurse is aware that for a drug to work properly on reactive tissues, a sufficient amount of the drug is needed to cause the therapeutic effect. The term used for this amount is:
- A. Critical concentration
- B. Dynamic equilibrium
- C. Selective toxicity
- D. Active transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A critical concentration of a drug must be present before a reaction occurs within our cells. A dynamic equilibrium is obtained from absorption of a drug from the site of drug entry, distribution to the active site, metabolism in the liver, and excretion from the body to have a critical concentration. Selective toxicity is the ability of a drug to attach only to those systems found in foreign cells. Active transport is the process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney.