Nokea
The MOST appropriate answer to why infants cry in response to another infant's cry is
- A. an early sign of empathy development
- B. a sign of good hearing reflex
- C. a startle reflex
- D. an early sign of fear development
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Empathy begins developing early, though rudimentary.
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When you report on duty, your team leader tells you that Mr. MartineHi accidentally received 1000 ml of fluids in 2 hours and that you are to be alert for signs of circulatory overload. Which of the following signs would not be likely to occur?
- A. moist gurgling respirations
- B. Distended neck veins
- C. Weak, slow pulse
- D. Dyspnea and coughing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Circulatory overload is a condition where there is an excessive volume of fluid circulating in the bloodstream. Signs of circulatory overload include moist gurgling respirations, distended neck veins, dyspnea, and coughing. A weak, slow pulse would not be a typical sign of circulatory overload; in fact, it could indicate other conditions such as bradycardia or hypovolemia. Therefore, a weak, slow pulse would not likely occur as a sign of circulatory overload in this scenario.
Which of the ff is the potential complication the nurse should monitor for when caring for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome?
- A. Chest wall bulging
- B. Renal failure
- C. Difficulty swallowing
- D. Orthopnea CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious condition that can lead to various complications, including renal failure. When a client is experiencing ARDS, the lungs become severely inflamed and filled with fluid, which can lead to decreased oxygen levels in the blood. This decrease in oxygen can place a significant strain on the kidneys, potentially resulting in renal failure. Therefore, it is crucial for nurses to monitor the client for signs and symptoms of renal failure, such as changes in urine output, fluid imbalance, electrolyte abnormalities, and altered mental status. Timely detection and management of renal complications in clients with ARDS are essential to prevent further deterioration of the client's condition.
Which of the following symptoms is a classic sign of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
- A. Superficial lesions over the cheek and
- B. Weight loss nose
- C. Difficulty urinating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various organs in the body. One of the classic signs of SLE is the presence of a facial rash in the shape of a butterfly over the cheeks and bridge of the nose. This rash is known as a malar rash and is often one of the first visible symptoms of the disease. Weight loss and difficulty urinating are not typical signs of SLE.
An inborn error of metabolism that causes a premature destruction of RBC?
- A. G6PD
- B. Homocystinuria
- C. Phenylketonuria
- D. Celiac Disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that leads to the premature destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis). G6PD is an enzyme responsible for protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage. In individuals with G6PD deficiency, the red blood cells are more susceptible to oxidative stress, leading to their destruction and resulting in hemolytic anemia. This condition is commonly triggered by certain medications, infections, or dietary factors that cause oxidative stress, leading to hemolysis. Homocystinuria, Phenylketonuria, and Celiac Disease are metabolic disorders that do not typically result in the premature destruction of red blood cells.
The nurse is aware that the following laboratory values support a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?
- A. Myoglobinuria
- B. Ketonuria
- C. Pyuria
- D. Low white blood cell (WBC) count
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney. One of the key indicators of pyelonephritis is the presence of pyuria, which refers to white blood cells in the urine. White blood cells in the urine suggest inflammation and infection in the urinary tract, particularly in the kidneys. Therefore, the presence of pyuria supports a diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Myoglobinuria (choice A) is the presence of myoglobin in the urine and is associated with muscle breakdown, not specifically with pyelonephritis. Ketonuria (choice B) refers to the presence of ketones in the urine and may be seen in conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis. A low white blood cell count (choice D) is not typically associated with pyelonephritis, as an infection would generally result in an elevated white blood cell count in response to the infection.