Nokea
The most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years is:
- A. Neisseria meningitidis
- B. Haemophilus influenzae
- C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- D. Listeria monocytogenes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years, especially in those who are not immunized.
You may also like to solve these questions
The following are true of vitamin K:
- A. It is a water-soluble vitamin
- B. It is found mainly in red meat
- C. After infancy most is synthesised by the gut flora
- D. Low levels after birth may lead to intracerebral haemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin K is synthesized by gut flora after infancy. It is a fat-soluble vitamin, and low levels after birth can lead to hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
A child has an elevated antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer. Which combination of symptoms, in conjunction with this finding, would confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic fever?
- A. Subcutaneous nodules and fever
- B. Painful, tender joints, and carditis
- C. Erythema marginatum and arthralgia
- D. Chorea and elevated sedimentation rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presence of two major Jones criteria would indicate a high probability of rheumatic fever.
Two days following abdominal surgery a client begins to report cramping abdominal pain, and the nurse's inspection of the abdomen indicates slight distention. Which action should the nurse implement first?
- A. Encourage the client to ambulate
- B. Offer ice chips or warm liquids
- C. Auscultate the client's abdomen
- D. Assess the client's temperature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Auscultating the abdomen will help determine if there are any signs of bowel obstruction or ileus, which can cause the distension.
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is associated with:
- A. Sickle cell trait
- B. Nephrotic syndrome
- C. Cushing's syndrome
- D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome is associated with avascular necrosis due to steroid use. Sickle cell trait, nephrotic syndrome, and hypothyroidism are not directly linked.
A 3-year-old child diagnosed with congestive heart failure is receiving maintenance doses of digoxin and furosemide (Lasix). She is rubbing her eyes when she is looking at the lights in the room and her heart rate is 65 beats per minute. The nurse expects which laboratory finding?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypomagnesemia
- C. Hypocalcemia
- D. Hypophosphatemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypokalemia is a common side effect of furosemide, a diuretic, and can exacerbate digoxin toxicity, which may present with symptoms such as visual disturbances and bradycardia.