Nokea
The most common neonatal bacterial infection is
- A. Staphylococcus aureus
- B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- C. Group B Streptococcus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Group B Streptococcus is a frequent cause of early-oncome neonatal infections.
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Early decelerations with a normal fetal heart rate variability during labor have which of the following indications?
- A. they often indicate fetal congenital heart disease
- B. they do not indicate fetal hypoxia
- C. they may indicate fetal acidemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Early decelerations are typically benign and related to head compression during contractions.
During stage two of milk production (the postpartum period), hormonal changes include
- A. increased progesterone and decreased prolactin
- B. increased progesterone and decreased estrogen
- C. decreased progesterone and increased prolactin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Progesterone withdrawal and rising prolactin facilitate lactogenesis.
A female patient who has gone through puberty and started menstruating without any problems has developed cessation of periods after 2 years of normal cycles. Which finding would indicate a possible cause for this occurrence?
- A. Lag in development of secondary sexual characteristics
- B. Overproduction of androgenic hormones
- C. Negative pregnancy test
- D. Clinical diagnosis of primary amenorrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Overproduction of androgenic hormones. The cessation of periods after normal cycles can be due to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where there is an excess of androgenic hormones. This can disrupt the menstrual cycle. Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Lag in development of secondary sexual characteristics is more indicative of delayed puberty, not cessation of periods after normal cycles.
C: Negative pregnancy test only rules out pregnancy as a cause, not addressing the cessation of periods issue.
D: Clinical diagnosis of primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of periods by age 16 without prior menstruation, not the cessation of periods after normal cycles.
When conducting a review of the literature as part of evidence-based research, the level of evidence that is based on a quasi-experimental study, such as a matched case-control study, would be categorized as
- A. Level I
- B. Level II
- C. Level III
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Quasi-experimental studies fall under Level III evidence.
The medulla of the ovary contains:
- A. Theca cells
- B. Granulosa cells
- C. Blood vessels and lymphatics
- D. Both A and B.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The medulla of the ovary contains blood vessels and lymphatics.