Nokea
The most common psychogenic disorder among elderly persons is:
- A. Depression
- B. Sleep disturbances (such as bizarre dreams)
- C. Inability to concentrate
- D. Decreased appetite
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Depression is the most prevalent psychogenic issue in older adults.
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The nurse is caring for a client with a closed head injury. Which finding suggests increasing intracranial pressure?
- A. Pulse rate of 100
- B. Widening pulse pressure
- C. Respiratory rate of 20
- D. Temperature of 99°F
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Widening pulse pressure (e.g., 140/60) indicates rising intracranial pressure post-head injury, reflecting Cushing's triad with bradycardia and respiratory changes pulse, respiration, or mild fever alone don't confirm this. Nurses report this, signaling brain herniation risk, necessitating urgent intervention like mannitol or surgery.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about profession according to Marie Jahoda?
- A. A profession is an organization of an occupational group based on the application of special knowledge
- B. It serves specific interest of a group
- C. It is altruistic
- D. Quality of work is of greater importance than the rewards
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Marie Jahoda, a 20th-century psychologist, defined a profession as an organized group applying specialized knowledge for the broader community's benefit, not just a specific subset. She emphasized altruism (serving others selflessly) and prioritizing work quality over rewards, traits nursing exemplifies through education and care standards. The idea that a profession serves only a specific group's interests contradicts her view professions like nursing aim for universal welfare, such as public health initiatives. This distinction often appears in licensure exams, highlighting nursing's societal role over narrow advocacy, aligning with its ethical and professional identity.
A client has a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism, and a nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of iodine-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of iodine-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In hypothyroidism, increasing intake of iodine-rich foods is beneficial as iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. This helps to support thyroid function in individuals with hypothyroidism. Therefore, advising the client to increase their intake of iodine-rich foods aligns with the recommended dietary management for hypothyroidism. Choice B is incorrect because decreasing iodine-rich foods could lead to further deficiency in individuals with hypothyroidism. Choice C is not directly related to hypothyroidism and lactose intolerance is a separate issue. Choice D is incorrect as increasing dairy products is not a specific recommendation for hypothyroidism unless the client has a deficiency of calcium or vitamin D, which should be assessed separately.
A client's wife has been informed by the physician that her spouse has a permanent C2-C3 spinal injury, which has resulted in permanent quadriplegia. The wife states that she does not want the physician or nursing staff to tell the client about his injury. The client is awake, alert, and oriented when he asks his nurse to tell him what has happened. The nurse has conflicting emotions about how to handle the situation and is experiencing:
- A. autonomy.
- B. moral distress.
- C. moral doubt.
- D. moral courage.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's conflict between truth-telling and the wife's request is moral distress (B), feeling unable to act ethically. Autonomy (A) is patient rights. Doubt (C) is uncertainty. Courage (D) is acting despite fear. B is correct. Rationale: Moral distress arises from ethical dilemmas, common in nursing when values clash, per ethics frameworks, requiring resolution.
According to Maslow, which of the following is TRUE about a self actualized person?
- A. Makes decision contrary to public opinion
- B. Do not predict events
- C. Self centered
- D. Maximum degree of self conflict
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maslow's self-actualized individual (1940s) decides independently e.g., rejecting popular trends for personal ethics. They predict events (insightful), aren't self-centered (altruistic), and minimize conflict through clarity. Nurses encourage this autonomy e.g., supporting a patient's unconventional treatment choice enhancing self-directed health decisions.