Nokea
The most commonly supported neuroanatomic theory of schizophrenia suggests which etiology?
- A. Excessive amounts of dopamine and serotonin in the brain
- B. Ineffective ability of the brain to use dopamine and serotonin
- C. Insufficient amounts of dopamine in the brain
- D. Decreased brain tissue in the frontal and temporal regions of the brain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decreased brain tissue in frontal and temporal regions is the primary neuroanatomic theory for schizophrenia etiology, unlike neurochemical theories involving dopamine or serotonin.
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A client with schizophrenia is seen sitting alone and talking out loud. Suddenly, the client stops and turns as if listening to someone. The nurse approaches and sits down beside the client. Which of the following is the best initial response by the nurse?
- A. I can see you want to be alone. I'll come back another time.
- B. What are you hearing and seeing?
- C. I don't hear or see anyone else, what are you hearing and seeing?
- D. I can tell you are hearing voices but they are not real.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asking what the client is experiencing while presenting reality validates their perception and encourages discussion, unlike dismissing, assuming, or denying the experience.
A client with schizophrenia has returned to the clinic because of an increase in symptoms. The client reports he stopped taking his meds because he did not like the side effects. The nurse educates the client about managing uncomfortable side effects. Which of the following is included in the teaching plan?
- A. Suck on hard candy as desired
- B. Spend at least 30 minutes outside in the sun daily
- C. Use stool softeners as needed
- D. Decrease the amount of daily fluid intake
- E. Maintain a balanced calorie-controlled diet
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Managing side effects like dry mouth (candy), constipation (stool softeners), and weight gain (diet) supports adherence, unlike increased sun exposure or reduced fluid intake.
When performing discharge planning for a client who has schizophrenia, the nurse anticipates barriers to adhering to the medication regimen. The nurse assesses which of the following as improving the likelihood that the client will follow the prescribed medication regimen?
- A. Short-term memory intact
- B. History of missing appointments
- C. Receives monthly disability checks
- D. Walking is primary mode of transportation
- E. States location of pharmacy nearest his residence
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Intact short-term memory, financial resources, and knowing the pharmacy location enhance medication adherence, unlike appointment history or transportation barriers.
Which of the following are central components of a psychiatric rehabilitation and recovery program?
- A. Working with clients to have an improved quality of life according to society point of view
- B. Working with clients to manage their own lives
- C. Working with clients to make effective treatment decisions
- D. Working with clients to have an improved quality of life from the client's point of view
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Rehabilitation focuses on client-driven goals like managing life, making treatment decisions, and improving quality of life from the client's perspective, not society's.
The client with schizophrenia tells the nurse that rats have started to eat his brain. The best response by the nurse would be.
- A. Have you discussed this with your physician?
- B. How could that be possible?
- C. You cannot have rats in your brain.
- D. You look OK to me.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Referring to the physician for a new symptom like a delusion prompts potential medication review, unlike defensive, dismissive, or non-therapeutic responses.