Nokea
The most conservative approach for early breast cancer treatment involves lumpectomy followed by which procedure?
- A. Radiation
- B. Adjuvant systemic therapy
- C. Hormonal therapy
- D. Chemotherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Radiation therapy is typically used after lumpectomy to treat early-stage breast cancer.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who was just diagnosed with VVC. What treatment does the nurse expect to teach the patient about?
- A. metronidazole (anti-protozoal)
- B. penicillin G (antibiotic)
- C. clotrimazole (antifungal)
- D. ampicillin (antibiotic)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: clotrimazole (antifungal). VVC stands for vulvovaginal candidiasis, which is a fungal infection. Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used to treat VVC. It works by disrupting the cell membrane of the fungus. Metronidazole (A) is an anti-protozoal used for treating infections like trichomoniasis, not VVC. Penicillin G (B) and ampicillin (D) are antibiotics used for bacterial infections, not fungal infections like VVC. Therefore, the nurse should expect to teach the patient about clotrimazole for VVC treatment.
The nurse should be aware that a pessary is most effective in the treatment of which disorder?
- A. Cystocele
- B. Uterine prolapse
- C. Rectocele
- D. Stress urinary incontinence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A fitted pessary may be inserted into the vagina to support the uterus and hold it in the correct position. Usually a pessary is used for only a short time and is not used for the client with a cystocele. A rectocele cannot be corrected.
The nurse would advise the patient to report what symptom immediately during a PD-1 (checkpoint inhibitor) infusion?
- A. nausea
- B. fatigue
- C. dizziness
- D. diarrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: dizziness. Dizziness during a PD-1 infusion can indicate a potential serious adverse reaction, such as immune-related neurological toxicity. Prompt reporting is crucial to prevent complications. Nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea are common side effects of PD-1 inhibitors but are typically not considered immediate concerns for infusion reactions. Reporting dizziness ensures timely assessment and intervention to manage any severe adverse effects.
When caring for clients with neoplasms of the reproductive system, the nurse must begin by assessing the woman's knowledge of the disorder, its management, and prognosis. This assessment should be followed by a nursing diagnosis. Which diagnosis fails to address the psychologic effect of these disorders?
- A. Anxiety, related to surgical procedures
- B. Disturbed body image, as a result of changes in anatomy
- C. Risk for injury, related to lack of skill for self-care
- D. Interrupted family processes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Although risk for injury, related to lack of skill for self-care, is appropriate, this diagnosis is more suited to the client's learning needs than the psychologic effect.
What guidance should the nurse provide to a man who smokes two packs a day and is concerned about infertility?
- A. Your sperm count seems to be okay in the first semen analysis.'
- B. Only marijuana cigarettes affect sperm count.'
- C. Although smoking has no effect on sperm count, it can give you lung cancer.'
- D. Smoking can reduce the quality of your sperm.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cigarette smoking can affect sperm quality, including abnormal sperm, decreased count, and chromosomal damage.