Nokea
The most critical time of development during pregnancy is during organogenesis, where teratogens can cause congenital abnormalities. When is this time period?
- A. At the time of fertilization
- B. During the zygote period
- C. During the embryonic period
- D. At 20 weeks gestation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Organogenesis occurs during the embryonic period, where teratogens have the highest impact.
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The placenta allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus by:
- A. Contact between maternal blood and fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi.
- B. Interaction of maternal and fetal pH levels within the endometrial vessels.
- C. A mixture of maternal and fetal blood within the intervillous spaces.
- D. Passive diffusion of maternal carbon dioxide and oxygen into the fetal capillaries.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi are bathed with oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich maternal blood within the intervillous spaces.
Fetal circulation includes 3 shunts. Match each shunt to its physiologic action. Foramen ovale
- A. Connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta, bypassing the lungs.
- B. Connects the right and left atria.
- C. Connects the right and left ventricles.
- D. Allows the umbilical vein to bypass the liver to flow into the inferior vena cava.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Foramen ovale connects the right and left atria.
A pregnant adolescent tells the nurse she is taking isotretinoin (Accutane). Which statement is correct?
- A. Isotretinoin is teratogenic and associated with major fetal malformations, so the client should stop the medication immediately.
- B. None
- C. None
- D. None
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isotretinoin is known to cause severe fetal abnormalities.
What are the number and type of chromosomes in a normal mature gamete?
- A. 22 autosomes
- B. 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome
- C. 46 chromosomes
- D. 23 autosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gametes have 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome, resulting in 23 chromosomes in total.
A pregnant woman at 25 weeks' gestation tells the nurse that she dropped a pan last week and her baby jumped at the noise. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
- A. That must have been a coincidence; babies can't respond like that.
- B. The fetus is demonstrating the aural reflex.
- C. Babies respond to sound starting at about 24 weeks of gestation.
- D. Let me know if it happens again; we need to report that to your midwife.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Babies respond to sound starting at about 24 weeks of gestation.