Nokea
What is the purpose of cell-free DNA screening done in the first trimester?
- A. to determining the gender of the fetus
- B. to check for multiple fetuses
- C. to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus
- D. to measure the growth and development of the fetus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cell-free DNA is used to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities. It does not determine gender or measure growth and development.
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The placenta allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus by:
- A. Contact between maternal blood and fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi.
- B. Interaction of maternal and fetal pH levels within the endometrial vessels.
- C. A mixture of maternal and fetal blood within the intervillous spaces.
- D. Passive diffusion of maternal carbon dioxide and oxygen into the fetal capillaries.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi are bathed with oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich maternal blood within the intervillous spaces.
What are the number and type of chromosomes in a normal mature gamete?
- A. 22 autosomes
- B. 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome
- C. 46 chromosomes
- D. 23 autosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gametes have 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome, resulting in 23 chromosomes in total.
The nurse is counseling a patient regarding pregnancy. The patient lost her first two pregnancies in the second trimester of gestation for undetermined reasons. Which initial advice does the nurse provide for this patient?
- A. Consider adoption.
- B. Seek genetic studies.
- C. Plan for fertility tests.
- D. Attend grief counseling.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Following two spontaneous abortions, the nurse initially suggests genetic studies to identify any genetic factors causing the loss of previous pregnancies.
A pregnant woman in her first trimester is considering prenatal testing. The nurse is providing patient education regarding prenatal testing in the first trimester. What statement accurately reflects the nurse’s education?
- A. Prenatal testing in the first trimester primarily focuses on determining the gender of the fetus.
- B. Prenatal testing in the first trimester helps assess the risk of abnormalities in the fetus.
- C. Prenatal testing in the first trimester monitors the growth and development of the placenta.
- D. Prenatal testing in the first trimester is primarily performed to detect potential maternal infections.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prenatal testing in the first trimester focuses on assessing the risk of fetal abnormalities, not gender, placenta, or infections.
The most critical time of development during pregnancy is during organogenesis, where teratogens can cause congenital abnormalities. When is this time period?
- A. At the time of fertilization
- B. During the zygote period
- C. During the embryonic period
- D. At 20 weeks gestation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Organogenesis occurs during the embryonic period, where teratogens have the highest impact.