Nokea
The most effective pharmacologic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease is:
- A. Levodopa
- B. Selegilene
- C. Permax
- D. Symmetrel
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Levodopa is considered the most effective pharmacologic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is deficient in Parkinson's disease. By increasing dopamine levels in the brain, levodopa helps to alleviate the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement. Levodopa is often combined with another medication called carbidopa to enhance its effectiveness and reduce side effects. While other medications like selegiline, pergolide (Permax), and amantadine (Symmetrel) can also be used to manage Parkinson's disease symptoms, levodopa remains the primary and most effective treatment option for many patients.
You may also like to solve these questions
A client is scheduled to receive methotrexate (Folex), 0.625 mg/kg P.O. daily, to treat malignant lymphoma. Before administering the drug, the nurse reviews the client's medication history. Which of the following drugs might interact with methotrexate?
- A. digoxin (Lanoxin)
- B. Probenecid (Benemid)
- C. theophylline (Slo-Phyllin)
- D. Famotidine (Pepcid)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Probenecid is a drug that can interact with methotrexate by inhibiting its renal tubular secretion, leading to increased methotrexate levels and potential toxicity. It is essential to monitor the client closely for signs of methotrexate toxicity if both drugs are being used concurrently. The other options, digoxin, theophylline, and famotidine, do not have significant interactions with methotrexate that would result in increased toxicity.
Nutritional considerations as part of the nursing care plan would include all of the following except that:
- A. The diet should be semisolid to facilitate the passage of food f. Calcium should be avoided g. The patient should be sitting in an upright position during feeding h. Thick fluids should be encouraged to provide additional calories NEUROLOGIC Situation - Richard Gabatan, a 32-year-old car salesman, suffered a spinal cord injury in a motor vehicle accident resulting to paraplegia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is important to consider calcium supplementation for patients with spinal cord injuries, especially those with paraplegia, as they are at an increased risk of developing osteoporosis due to decreased weight-bearing activities. Calcium is necessary for bone health and should not be avoided in the diet of patients with spinal cord injuries. Therefore, the statement "Calcium should be avoided" is incorrect in this context as it goes against the nutritional considerations that should be included in the nursing care plan for a patient like Richard Gabatan.
The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse whether the child can eat hot dogs. The nurse's reply should be based on which statement?
- A. Child is too young to digest hot dogs.
- B. Child is too young to eat hot dogs safely.
- C. Hot dogs must be sliced into sections to prevent aspiration.
- D. Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct statement to guide the parents on feeding their 12-month-old child hot dogs is that the hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration. Hot dogs are a high-risk choking hazard for young children due to their shape and texture. Cutting them into small, irregular pieces decreases the risk of choking as compared to slicing them into sections. It is essential to always supervise young children while they are eating to prevent choking incidents. So, the nurse should advise the parents to cut the hot dogs into small, irregular pieces to ensure the child's safety.
. A client is diagnosed with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should anticipate which laboratory test result?
- A. Decreased serum sodium level
- B. Increased blood urea nitrogen
- C. Decreased serum creatinine level (BUN) level
- D. Increased hematocrit
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A client with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) retains water excessively due to overproduction of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This leads to dilutional hyponatremia, resulting in decreased serum sodium levels. Hyponatremia is a hallmark laboratory finding in patients with SIADH. Other laboratory values you might see in SIADH include decreased serum osmolality, concentrated urine with a high sodium concentration, and normal renal function tests such as BUN and creatinine. Therefore, the most anticipated laboratory test result in a client with SIADH is a decreased serum sodium level.
A client is admitted for postoperative assessment and recovery after surgery for a kidney tumor. The nurse needs to assess for signs of urinary tract infection. Which of the ff measures can be used to help detect UTI?
- A. Encourage the client to breathe deeply and cough every 2hrs
- B. Monitor temperature every 4hrs
- C. Splint the incision when repositioning the client
- D. Irrigate tubes as ordered CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH DISORDERS OF THE BLADDER AND URETHRA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring temperature every 4 hours is crucial in detecting signs of a urinary tract infection in a postoperative client. An increase in temperature can indicate the presence of an infection, and early identification is essential for prompt treatment. While coughing and deep breathing (Option A) are beneficial for postoperative clients to prevent respiratory complications, they are not directly related to detecting UTI. Splinting the incision (Option C) is important for incisional care but does not specifically help in detecting UTI. Irrigating tubes (Option D) should only be done as ordered by the healthcare provider and is not a routine measure for detecting UTI.