Nokea
The most important factor in determining the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
- A. The partial pressure of o2
- B. acidity
- C. the partial of co2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The partial pressure of O2. Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is directly related to the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. As the partial pressure of O2 increases, more oxygen binds to hemoglobin, leading to higher oxygen saturation. Acidity (choice B) and the partial pressure of CO2 (choice C) can influence the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, but they are not the primary factors determining oxygen saturation. Choice D is incomplete and not relevant to the question.
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Oxygen dissociation curve of myoglobin is
- A. Hypobolic
- B. Hyperbolic
- C. Linear
- D. Sigmoid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperbolic. Myoglobin exhibits a hyperbolic oxygen dissociation curve due to its high affinity for oxygen, allowing it to bind oxygen quickly and efficiently at low partial pressures. This curve represents a simple one-to-one binding relationship between myoglobin and oxygen. The other choices are incorrect because A (Hypobolic) does not accurately describe myoglobin's binding characteristics, C (Linear) is not representative of the typical oxygen binding behavior of myoglobin, and D (Sigmoid) is more characteristic of hemoglobin, which exhibits cooperative binding of oxygen.
A 22-year-old female client is experiencing a new-onset asthmatic attack. Which position is best for this client?
- A. High Fowler's
- B. Left side-lying.
- C. Right side-lying.
- D. Supine with pillows under each arm.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: High Fowler's position. This position promotes optimal lung expansion by maximizing chest expansion and allowing for improved airflow. The upright position reduces pressure on the diaphragm, making it easier for the client to breathe. Left and right side-lying positions may restrict lung expansion and worsen breathing difficulties. The supine position with pillows under each arm does not provide the same benefits as the High Fowler's position in terms of respiratory support. Overall, High Fowler's is the most effective position for a client experiencing an asthmatic attack as it facilitates better oxygenation and ventilation.
A nurse is suctioning fluids from a female client through an endotracheal tube. During the suctioning procedure, the nurse notes on the monitor that the heart rate is decreasing. Which if the following is the appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Continue to suction.
- B. Notify the physician immediately.
- C. Stop the procedure and reoxygenate the client.
- D. Ensure that the suction is limited to 15 seconds.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stop the procedure and reoxygenate the client. When the nurse notes a decreasing heart rate during suctioning, it could indicate that the client is experiencing hypoxia. Stopping the procedure and providing additional oxygenation is crucial to prevent further complications such as bradycardia or cardiac arrest. Continuing to suction (choice A) can worsen the hypoxia. Notifying the physician immediately (choice B) may cause a delay in addressing the immediate issue. Limiting suction to 15 seconds (choice D) does not address the primary concern of hypoxia and decreasing heart rate.
Inhibition of medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles has what effect on respiratory rate, elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and arterial PCO2?
- A. increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial
PCO2 - B. increased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial
PCO2 - C. increased respiratory rate, increased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and decreased arterial
PCO2 - D. decreased respiratory rate, decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli, and increased arterial
PCO2
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Inhibition of medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles would decrease respiratory rate, leading to decreased elimination of CO2 at alveoli. This would cause an increase in arterial PCO2 due to less CO2 being removed from the body. Therefore, choice D is correct.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the physiological effects of inhibiting the medulla oblongata chemoreceptors and respiratory muscles. Option A suggests an increase in respiratory rate and elimination of CO2, which goes against the expected decrease in these parameters. Option B proposes an increase in respiratory rate but a decrease in CO2 elimination and arterial PCO2, which is inconsistent with the expected outcomes. Option C suggests an increase in respiratory rate and CO2 elimination but a decrease in arterial PCO2, which does not follow the logic of the question.
Hemoglobin affinity for Oxygen is to the P50 (O2 tension that produces 50% saturation of Hb)
- A. Directly related
- B. Inversely related
- C. Not related
- D. Related
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is inversely related to P50. When P50 is lower, hemoglobin has higher affinity for oxygen, meaning it binds oxygen more readily at lower oxygen tensions. Conversely, when P50 is higher, hemoglobin has lower affinity for oxygen. This relationship is crucial for the efficient loading and unloading of oxygen in tissues. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is not directly related, unrelated, or simply related to P50.