Nokea
The most significant form of meningitis is:
- A. Bacterial
- B. Septic
- C. Aseptic
- D. Viral
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bacterial meningitis is considered the most significant form of meningitis because it is a serious, life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Bacterial meningitis is caused by bacteria infecting the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It can lead to complications such as brain damage, hearing loss, and even death if not treated promptly with antibiotics. Bacterial meningitis is more severe than viral or aseptic meningitis, hence why it is considered the most significant form.
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A patient understands the common causes of urinary tract infection if he or she states the following, EXCEPT:
- A. "UTI can be caused by holding the urge to urinate."
- B. "Insertion of instruments and catheter to the urinary tract can introduce bacteria that can cause infection."
- C. "I usually drink lots of water at night and it might have caused my UTI."
- D. "UTI can be caused by unhygienic cleaning after defecation."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drinking lots of water at night is actually a good practice for promoting urinary health and preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Adequate hydration helps to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the risk of infections. Therefore, the statement that drinking lots of water at night might have caused a UTI is incorrect. The other choices describe common causes of UTIs such as holding the urge to urinate, introducing bacteria through instruments or catheters, and poor hygiene practices after defecation.
You are discussing the risk of radiotherapy with the parents of a child with medulloblastoma; the mother has a concern about the late neurological complications post radiotherapy. The statement that should be included in the discussion that late neurological sequelae post radiotherapy is more severe with
- A. focal radiotherapy rather than craniospinal irradiation
- B. children with an age of less than 3 year
- C. concomitant chemo-radiotherapy
- D. low grade tumors rather than high grade tumors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Younger children (<3 years) are more susceptible to long-term neurotoxic effects of radiotherapy.
When a child injures the epiphyseal plate from a fracture, the damage may result in which of the following?
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis
- B. Permanent nerve damage
- C. Osteomyelitis
- D. Bone growth disruption
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The epiphyseal plate, also known as the growth plate, is the area of growing tissue near the ends of the long bones in children and adolescents. It is crucial for bone growth and development. When a child injures the epiphyseal plate from a fracture, the damage can disrupt the normal growth process of the bone. This disruption can lead to unequal limb length, angular deformities, or other growth abnormalities. Therefore, the damage resulting from an injury to the epiphyseal plate may lead to bone growth disruption. Choices A, B, and C are not directly associated with epiphyseal plate injuries.
What is the rationale for giving Mr. Franco frequent mouth care?
- A. He will be thirsty considering that he is doesn't drink enough fluids
- B. To remove dried blood when tongue is bitten during a seizure
- C. The tactile stimulation during mouth care will hasten return to consciousness
- D. Mouth breathing is used by comatose patient and it'll cause oral mucosa dying and cracking.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Giving Mr. Franco frequent mouth care is important to remove dried blood when the tongue is bitten during a seizure. Seizures can cause involuntary biting of the tongue, leading to the accumulation of dried blood in the mouth. If this blood is not removed promptly, it can result in discomfort, infection, and potential complications. Regular oral care helps maintain oral hygiene and prevents any issues related to oral trauma during seizures, promoting overall health and well-being for the patient.
The nurse is instructing a premenopausal woman about breast self-examination. The nurse should tell the client to do her self-examination:
- A. at the end of her menstrual cycle
- B. on the 1st day of the menstrual cycle
- C. on the same day each month
- D. immediately after her menstrual period
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should advise the premenopausal woman to perform her breast self-examination on the same day each month. Regular monthly self-examination helps the woman become familiar with the normal texture and appearance of her breasts, making it easier to detect any changes or abnormalities that may indicate a problem. Performing the examination on the same day each month helps ensure consistency in timing and facilitates the woman to establish a routine for self-examination. This consistent approach increases the likelihood of detecting any changes early, which is crucial for timely medical evaluation and intervention if needed.