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The mother of a child with a congenital cardiac defect asks the nurse why her child squats after exertion. The nurse should reply that this position:
- A. Reduces muscle aches
- B. Increases cardiac efficiency
- C. Enhances the pull of gravity
- D. Decreases blood volume in the extremities
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The position of squatting after exertion increases cardiac efficiency in children with congenital cardiac defects, specifically those with Tetralogy of Fallot. By squatting, the child decreases systemic vascular resistance and increases systemic venous return, which helps to enhance cardiac output by improving blood flow to the lungs. This position allows for better oxygenation of the blood and helps alleviate cyanosis in children with Tetralogy of Fallot.
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Which is a common side effect of short-term corticosteroid therapy?
- A. Fever
- B. Hypertension
- C. Weight loss
- D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased appetite is a common side effect of short-term corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids can affect the areas of the brain that control appetite, leading to an increase in hunger and potentially weight gain. While weight loss can occur with long-term corticosteroid use, short-term therapy is more likely to cause increased appetite as a side effect. Fever and hypertension are less commonly associated with short-term corticosteroid therapy.
Why are older adults with heart and blood vessel diseases susceptible to thrombophlebitis?
- A. Choose all that apply
- B. IV drugs and chemicals
- C. Impaired mobility
- D. Compromised circulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thrombophlebitis is the inflammation of a vein with the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) that can lead to serious complications. Older adults with heart and blood vessel diseases are more susceptible to thrombophlebitis due to various reasons:
Regarding physical growth of middle childhood (6-11 years), all are true EXCEPT
- A. 3-3.5 kg weight increment/yr
- B. 6-7 cm height increment/yr
- C. brain stops myelinization by 8 years
- D. risk for future obesity falls by 6 years
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Risk for obesity does not necessarily fall by 6 years.
Mr. and Mrs. Robertson's son was diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. They should be aware that the drug to be avoided is:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Aspirin
- C. Codeine
- D. Morphine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a condition characterized by a low platelet count. Aspirin is a known blood thinner and can further decrease platelet function, potentially worsening thrombocytopenia. Therefore, Mr. and Mrs. Robertson's son should avoid taking aspirin to prevent any exacerbation of his condition.
The nurse will monitor J.E. for the following signs and symptoms:
- A. Change in the levei of consciousness, tachypnea, tachycardia, petechiae
- B. Onset of chest pain, tachycardia, diaphoresis, nausea and vomiting
- C. Loss of consciousness, bradycardia, petechiae, and severe leg pain
- D. Change in leve! of consciousness, bradycardia, chest pain and oliguria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The signs and symptoms mentioned in option A are indicative of potential complications that may occur in a patient being monitored by a nurse.