Nokea
The mother of a preterm newborn asks the nurse when she can start breastfeeding. The nurse should explain that breastfeeding can be initiated when her newborn:
- A. achieves a weight of at least 3 pounds.
- B. indicates an interest in breastfeeding.
- C. does not require supplemental oxygen.
- D. has adequate sucking and swallowing reflexes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Breastfeeding can be initiated when the newborn has adequate sucking and swallowing reflexes, which usually develop around 34 to 36 weeks gestational age. It is important for the newborn to have the ability to latch onto the breast and suck effectively in order to receive adequate nutrition and establish a good breastfeeding relationship with the mother. Indicating an interest in breastfeeding is important as well, but having the reflexes necessary for successful breastfeeding is a key factor in determining readiness to begin breastfeeding.
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In children with asthma, which of the following preoperative preparations is LEAST likely to be necessary?
- A. Increase in beta-agonist dosage
- B. Addition of systemic steroids
- C. Bronchodilator therapy
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In stable asthmatic patients, additional interventions like systemic steroids or increased beta-agonist doses are not always necessary unless there are signs of exacerbation.
The cause of death of most AIDS patients who develop multiple opportunistic infections is/are the following: a.Weakened immune system impairs response to therapy
- A. AH of these (a, b, c)
- B. Weakened immune system impairs resistance to infection
- C. Infection cannot be treated effectively
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cause of death of most AIDS patients who develop multiple opportunistic infections can be attributed to a combination of factors.
The nurse is conducting a staff in-service on renal ultrasounds. Which statement describes this diagnostic test?
- A. Computed tomography uses external radiation to visualize the renal system.
- B. Visualization of the renal system is accomplished without exposure to radiation or radioactive isotopes.
- C. Contrast medium and x-rays allow for visualization of the renal system.
- D. External radiation for x-ray films is used to visualize the renal system, before, during, and after voiding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the kidneys and surrounding structures. Unlike computed tomography (CT) scans (Choice A) or intravenous pyelograms (Choice C) which may involve exposure to radiation or contrast medium, renal ultrasounds do not expose the patient to radiation or radioactive isotopes, making it a safe option for imaging the renal system. Ultrasounds are commonly used to assess kidney size, detect kidney stones, evaluate blood flow to the kidneys, and diagnose various renal conditions, such as hydronephrosis or renal cysts.
These facts are true regarding the developmental stage of preschool children EXCEPT
- A. handedness is achieved by 3 years of age
- B. boys are usually later than girls in achieving bladder control
- C. knowing gender by 4 years
- D. egocentric thinking
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Egocentric thinking is characteristic of preschool-age children.
Which of the ff interventions is implemented for a client with empyema?
- A. Teach the client breathing exercises
- B. Offer assurance that empyema takes less time to resolve
- C. Recommend that the client eat a balanced but light diet
- D. Emphasize the completion of the entire course of drug therapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Empyema is a serious infection that requires aggressive treatment with antibiotics. The client must complete the entire course of drug therapy as prescribed by the healthcare provider to ensure that the infection is completely eradicated. Failure to complete the full course of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance and recurrence of the infection. It is crucial to emphasize to the client the importance of adhering to the prescribed treatment regimen to achieve a full recovery and prevent complications.