Nokea
The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by
- A. exocytosis and endocytosis
- B. bulk flow.
- C. osmosis
- D. diffusion.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: diffusion. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of cells through simple diffusion, which is the passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This process occurs due to the concentration gradient of these gases. Osmosis (Choice C) is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane, not gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide. Exocytosis and endocytosis (Choice A) involve the transport of larger molecules and particles in and out of cells, not gases. Bulk flow (Choice B) involves the movement of fluids in response to pressure differences, not the specific movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules. Therefore, diffusion is the correct mechanism for the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body due to their small molecular size and the concentration gradient present.
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A nurse is suctioning fluids from a female client through an endotracheal tube. During the suctioning procedure, the nurse notes on the monitor that the heart rate is decreasing. Which if the following is the appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Continue to suction.
- B. Notify the physician immediately.
- C. Stop the procedure and reoxygenate the client.
- D. Ensure that the suction is limited to 15 seconds.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stop the procedure and reoxygenate the client. When the nurse notes a decreasing heart rate during suctioning, it could indicate that the client is experiencing hypoxia. Stopping the procedure and providing additional oxygenation is crucial to prevent further complications such as bradycardia or cardiac arrest. Continuing to suction (choice A) can worsen the hypoxia. Notifying the physician immediately (choice B) may cause a delay in addressing the immediate issue. Limiting suction to 15 seconds (choice D) does not address the primary concern of hypoxia and decreasing heart rate.
A client has been diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). What action by the nurse takes highest priority?
- A. Educating the client on adherence to the treatment regimen
- B. Encouraging the client to eat a well-balanced diet
- C. Informing the client about follow-up sputum cultures
- D. Teaching the client ways to balance rest with activity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because educating the client on adherence to the treatment regimen is the top priority in managing TB. This is crucial to prevent the spread of the disease and ensure successful treatment. Choice B is important for overall health but not the priority. Choice C is important but comes after starting treatment. Choice D is also important but does not directly impact the treatment outcome for TB.
A nurse assesses a client's respiratory status. Which information is most important for the nurse to obtain?
- A. Average daily fluid intake.
- B. Neck circumference.
- C. Height and weight.
- D. Occupation and hobbies.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occupation and hobbies. This information is crucial as certain occupations or hobbies may expose the client to respiratory hazards, leading to potential respiratory issues. By assessing their occupation and hobbies, the nurse can identify any risks or triggers that could impact the client's respiratory status.
A: Average daily fluid intake is important for overall health but not directly related to respiratory status assessment.
B: Neck circumference may be relevant for assessing airway obstruction risk but is not as critical as occupation and hobbies.
C: Height and weight are more related to general health and body mass index, not specifically respiratory status assessment.
Alveolar ventilation in a male with a respiratory rate of 10/min and tidal volume of 600 ml is
- A. 1000ml
- B. 1750 ml
- C. 3000ml
- D. 4500ml
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 4500ml. Alveolar ventilation is calculated by multiplying tidal volume by respiratory rate. In this case, 600ml (tidal volume) x 10/min (respiratory rate) = 6000ml/min. However, we need to consider dead space ventilation, which is about 150ml. Therefore, the final alveolar ventilation is 6000ml/min - 150ml = 5850ml/min. Since the question asks for alveolar ventilation per minute, the correct answer is the closest option, which is D: 4500ml.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the calculation of alveolar ventilation based on the provided respiratory rate, tidal volume, and dead space ventilation.
The patient with angina is admitted to the hospital. The patient states "I might as well have died because now I won't be able to do anything." Your best response is
- A. What do you mean about not being able to do anything?
- B. Don't worry about it. Everything will be alright.
- C. You should not be thinking about that because you are doing so well now.
- D. Take life one day at a time. We will be taking excellent care of you.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates active listening and empathy, allowing the patient to express their feelings. By asking for clarification, it shows interest in the patient's concerns and opens up a dialogue for further exploration. This approach can help the patient feel heard and supported, leading to better understanding and communication.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the patient's statement or feelings. B dismisses the patient's concerns, C invalidates their emotions, and D offers a general statement without acknowledging the patient's specific worries. These responses may lead to the patient feeling unheard or misunderstood, hindering effective communication and rapport building.