Nokea
The nature of common source epidemic:
- A. scattered effect
- B. explosive
- C. more prevalence rate
- D. all of above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Common-source epidemics are characterized by a rapid increase in cases, hence explosive.
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When is initiating surveillance for a new public health problem justified?
- A. If it is a communicable disease with a high case-fatality rate.
- B. If the problem is new and systematically collected data are needed to characterize the disease.
- C. If a program at CDC has recommended its addition to better understand national trends and patterns.
- D. To guide, monitor, and evaluate programs to prevent or control the problem.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Surveillance is essential to guide and evaluate prevention and control strategies.
What is the RR of dying of lung cancer for smokers versus nonsmokers?
- A. 7
- B. 10.14
- C. 15
- D. 20
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: RR = (Death rate among smokers / Death rate among nonsmokers) = 71 / 7 = 10.14. This indicates that smokers are approximately 10 times more likely to die of lung cancer than nonsmokers.
Define the following terms: latency
- A. The time between exposure to a hazard and the onset of symptoms.
- B. The strength of a chemical bond.
- C. The period during which a disease is contagious.
- D. The duration of a clinical trial.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Latency refers to the delay between exposure to a harmful agent and the manifestation of health effects.
Define the following terms: Intervention study
- A. A study where researchers observe natural behaviors.
- B. A study where researchers manipulate variables to assess impact.
- C. A study analyzing past records.
- D. A study based solely on surveys.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intervention studies involve deliberate manipulation of variables by researchers.
Which of the following is the strength of Case control study?
- A. rare disease
- B. bias can be minimized
- C. temporal relationship can be established
- D. relative risk can be calculated
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Case-control studies are particularly useful for studying rare diseases.