Nokea
What is likely to be the best routinely available data source for each of the following kinds of studies?
- A. Hospital discharge survey
- B. Cancer registries
- C. National Health Survey
- D. Disease registries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cancer registries are dedicated to collecting data on cancer incidence and outcomes, offering the most precise information on cancer morbidity.
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The denominator to calculate literacy rate is
- A. Population above 14 years
- B. Total population
- C. Population above 7 years of age
- D. Population above 10 years of age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Literacy rate is calculated using the population above 7 years of age, as this is the standard age group considered for educational attainment.
CDM stands for-
- A. clean development mechanism
- B. community development mechanism
- C. clear development model
- D. none
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a part of the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing emissions.
In Pneumoconiosis all are included except
- A. Asbestosis
- B. Silicosis
- C. Anthracosis
- D. Bagasosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bagasosis is not a type of pneumoconiosis; it is a respiratory condition caused by exposure to sugarcane dust.
Descriptive epidemiology is essential for 'characterizing the outbreak' by time, place, and person, but has little bearing on the analytic epidemiology.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Descriptive epidemiology informs the development of hypotheses tested in analytic studies.
What is the RR of dying of lung cancer for smokers versus nonsmokers?
- A. 7
- B. 10.14
- C. 15
- D. 20
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: RR = (Death rate among smokers / Death rate among nonsmokers) = 71 / 7 = 10.14. This indicates that smokers are approximately 10 times more likely to die of lung cancer than nonsmokers.