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Define the following terms: Intervention study
- A. A study where researchers observe natural behaviors.
- B. A study where researchers manipulate variables to assess impact.
- C. A study analyzing past records.
- D. A study based solely on surveys.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intervention studies involve deliberate manipulation of variables by researchers.
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The denominator to calculate literacy rate is
- A. Population above 14 years
- B. Total population
- C. Population above 7 years of age
- D. Population above 10 years of age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Literacy rate is calculated using the population above 7 years of age, as this is the standard age group considered for educational attainment.
For 95% confidence limit truth is
- A. Reduces 95% confidence of values
- B. 96 of standard error of mean
- C. 56 of standard error of mean
- D. 5% of standard error of mean
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For 95% confidence limits, approximately 1.96 times the standard error is used.
What are key sources of morbidity data?
- A. Environmental monitoring data.
- B. Hospital discharge data.
- C. Laboratory results.
- D. Notifiable disease reports.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Notifiable disease reports provide critical data on specific diseases of public health importance.
Randomization is done in experimental study:
- A. to eliminate selection bias.
- B. to select control
- C. to eliminate confounding bias
- D. all of above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Randomization helps to eliminate selection and confounding biases while selecting controls.
Descriptive epidemiology is essential for 'characterizing the outbreak' by time, place, and person, but has little bearing on the analytic epidemiology.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Descriptive epidemiology informs the development of hypotheses tested in analytic studies.