Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast

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The neonate usually passes meconium within

  • A. 6 to 8 hours
  • B. 8 to 24 hours
  • C. 48 to 72 hours
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Most neonates pass meconium within the first 24 hours of life.

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Which patient is most likely to develop osteoporosis?

  • A. A 50-year-old patient on estrogen therapy
  • B. A 55-year-old patient with a sedentary lifestyle
  • C. A 65-year-old patient who walks 2 miles each day
  • D. A 60-year-old patient who takes supplemental calcium
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Osteoporosis is more common in individuals with sedentary lifestyles due to decreased bone density from lack of weight-bearing exercise. Choice A on estrogen therapy may have lower risk. Choice C, who exercises, has a reduced risk. Choice D with calcium intake may help prevent osteoporosis but not as effective as weight-bearing exercise.

Clinical practice that is consistent with established recommendations or standards is best characterized by

  • B. recommendations that are used to standardize patient care based on evidence-based guidelines
  • C. standards that are based on methods that have proven effective over a substantial period of time
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Evidence-based guidelines are used to standardize patient care and ensure consistency in clinical practice.

Which of the following glands is not part of the vulva?

  • A. The greater vestibular glands
  • B. Skene glands
  • C. Bartholin glands
  • D. All of the above glands are part of the vulva.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All listed glands are part of the vulva.

A young woman experienced signs of secondary sexual development (puberty) beginning at age 12. She is now approaching her 17th birthday but has not yet begun menstruating. What is the clinic nurse’s best response?

  • A. “Don’t worry, your periods should start soon.”
  • B. “This is a cause for great concern. You could have difficulty conceiving in the future.”
  • C. “Given that other signs of sexual development have occurred, we should schedule an appointment for further assessment.”
  • D. “This is fairly normal. Some young women are just ‘late bloomers,’ and there is no real cause for concern.”
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Given the young woman's delayed menarche despite signs of secondary sexual development, further assessment is warranted to rule out any underlying medical conditions affecting her menstrual cycle. This approach ensures appropriate evaluation and potential intervention if necessary.

A: Incorrect. While reassuring, it overlooks the need for a thorough assessment in this scenario.
B: Incorrect. Prematurely alarming the individual about future fertility issues without proper evaluation is unwarranted.
D: Incorrect. While some young women may be "late bloomers," it is essential to verify this through a professional assessment to rule out any underlying issues.

The normal testicular temperature necessary for its optimal functioning is around _______ below the normal body temperature:

  • A. 2-3°C
  • B. 4-5°C
  • C. 33-36°C
  • D. 31-34°C
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 2-3°C below the normal body temperature. Testicles need to be slightly cooler than the body's normal temperature for optimal functioning. This slight decrease in temperature helps in maintaining the viability of sperm production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a greater deviation from the body's normal temperature would be detrimental to sperm production. B: 4-5°C is too much of a decrease, while C: 33-36°C and D: 31-34°C are higher than the normal body temperature, which would hinder sperm production.