Nokea
The number of cases of Dengue fever usually increases towards the end of the rainy season. This pattern of occurrence of Dengue fever is best described as:
- A. Epidemic occurrence
- B. Cyclical variation
- C. Sporadic occurrence
- D. Secular occurrence
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Cyclical variation refers to a pattern that repeats at regular intervals.
Step 2: The increase in Dengue fever cases at the end of the rainy season is a recurring pattern.
Step 3: The rise in cases is linked to the environmental conditions during the rainy season.
Step 4: This cyclic increase in cases is not a sudden outbreak (epidemic) or random (sporadic).
Step 5: Secular occurrence refers to long-term trends, not short-term patterns like the end of a season.
Summary: Choice B is correct because the pattern of Dengue fever cases increasing at the end of the rainy season aligns with cyclical variation, unlike the other options which do not accurately describe this specific pattern.
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In a study on the factors contributing to the high mortality rate due to heart diseases in the municipality, which branch of epidemiology is being practiced?
- A. Descriptive
- B. Analytical
- C. Therapeutic
- D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Analytical epidemiology. This branch focuses on investigating the causes and risk factors of diseases, such as heart diseases in the municipality. It involves comparing groups to identify associations and determine causality, which aligns with studying factors contributing to high mortality rates. Descriptive epidemiology (choice A) describes the distribution of diseases but does not delve into causes. Therapeutic epidemiology (choice C) focuses on treatment interventions, not causes. Evaluation epidemiology (choice D) assesses the effectiveness of programs, not specifically causes of diseases.
The delos Reyes couple have a 6-year-old child entering school for the first time. The delos Reyes family has a:
- A. Health threat
- B. Health deficit
- C. Foreseeable crisis
- D. Stress point
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Foreseeable crisis. This is because the situation of a 6-year-old child entering school for the first time represents a significant life event that can lead to stress and adjustment challenges for both the child and the parents. A foreseeable crisis refers to an anticipated event that may disrupt the family's equilibrium and require adjustments. In this case, the transition to school is a major life change that can potentially impact the family dynamics and routines, making it a foreseeable crisis.
Choice A (Health threat) is incorrect because there is no indication of any health-related issues in the scenario. Choice B (Health deficit) is also incorrect as there is no mention of any existing health problems within the family. Choice D (Stress point) is not as appropriate as choice C because it does not capture the anticipatory nature of the crisis and the potential impact on family functioning that a foreseeable crisis does.
Which of the following is the most prominent feature of public health nursing?
- A. Providing home care to sick people who are not confined in the hospital
- B. Providing free services to people within the catchment area
- C. Functioning as part of a team to provide a public health nursing service
- D. Focusing on preventive, not curative services
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because public health nursing's main focus is on preventive measures to promote and protect the health of populations. This involves activities such as health education, immunizations, and screenings to prevent illness and promote wellness. Providing home care (choice A) is a part of public health nursing but not the most prominent feature. Providing free services (choice B) may be an aspect of public health nursing, but it is not the defining characteristic. Functioning as part of a team (choice C) is important in public health nursing, but it is not the most prominent feature; the emphasis is on preventive services.
Which is a characteristic of person-to-person propagated epidemics?
- A. There are more cases of the disease than expected
- B. The disease must necessarily be transmitted through a vector
- C. The spread of the disease can be attributed to a common vehicle
- D. There is a gradual build-up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily noticeable
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because person-to-person propagated epidemics typically exhibit a gradual build-up of cases before becoming easily noticeable. This is due to the slow transmission of the disease from one individual to another. In contrast, choice A is incorrect because having more cases than expected is not a characteristic unique to person-to-person propagation. Choice B is incorrect as person-to-person transmission does not necessarily involve a vector. Choice C is incorrect because common vehicle spread refers to a different mode of disease transmission.
To maintain the cleanliness of the bag and its contents, what should the nurse do?
- A. Wash their hands before and after providing care to family members
- B. Use only items from the bag when caring for family members
- C. Wear an apron to protect their uniform and fold it with the right side out before returning it to the bag
- D. Fold the lining on which the bag was placed at the end of the visit, ensuring the contaminated side is facing outward
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because washing hands before and after providing care to family members helps prevent the spread of germs and maintains cleanliness. Before care, clean hands reduce the risk of introducing contaminants into the bag. After care, washing hands prevents spreading any germs picked up during the visit. Choice B is incorrect as using items solely from the bag does not address hand hygiene. Choice C focuses on uniform protection, not bag cleanliness. Choice D is about the lining and doesn't address hand hygiene.