Nokea
The nurse assesses a client and documents the following findings: edema 2+ bilateral ankles, brown pigmentation of lower extremity skin, aching pain of lower extremities when standing that resolves with elevation, and 2+ pedal pulses. What condition does the client likely have?
- A. Deep vein thrombosis
- B. Raynaud's disease
- C. Venous insufficiency
- D. Peripheral arterial disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Venous insufficiency pools blood 2+ edema, brown pigmentation from hemosiderin, aching relieved by elevation, and decent pulses fit, as veins fail while arteries hold. DVT clots acutely, often unilateral. Raynaud's spasms, not pigments. PAD dims pulses, pains with walking. Nurses peg this chronic venous flop, suggesting hose or elevation, a textbook stasis tale.
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Which statement is true regarding CT and LP in AIDS patients?
- A. they should all have a CT prior to LP
- B. if they have no focal neurology they do not need a CT
- C. if they have a GSC of 15 they do not need a CT
- D. all of the above are true
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: AIDS LP CT skips if no focal signs, full GCS, no fever push; all hold. Blanket CT's overkill nurses weigh risks, a chronic brain check dance dodging pressure flops.
During his internship at a general practice, a medical student is asked to check the blood glucose level in a 50-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes. The measurement is performed at a random moment and the carbohydrate intake has not been standardised before the measurement is taken. The result of the measurement is shown below. The general practitioner (GP) asks the student to report the result using standard medical terminology. Question: Which diagnosis is most consistent with the findings provided above?
- A. Hyperglycaemia
- B. Hypoglycaemia
- C. Hyperglycaemia with hyperosmolar state
- D. Normoglycaemia (euglycaemia)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Random high glucose in type 2 hyperglycaemia, no hypo, osmolar crash, or norm. Nurses call this, a chronic sugar spike.
In which ethnic group are people over 35 years advised to have their blood glucose levels checked because of the risk of type 2 diabetes?
- A. Creoles
- B. Hindu
- C. Moroccans
- D. Turks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hindus over 35 South Asian risk rockets type 2, outpacing others' odds. Nurses screen this, a chronic ethnic flag.
Obesity is now determined to be a disease because: i. Obesity is common. ii. The development of obesity results from established pathophysiology. iii. Obesity results in negative health consequences. iv. Obesity increases mortality.
- A. i and ii
- B. ii and iii
- C. i and iv
- D. ii, iii, and iv
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity's disease tag leans on pathophysiology hormone and brain glitches plus harm like diabetes and higher death rates, not just its spread. Commonness alone doesn't clinch it; mechanisms, outcomes, and mortality do. Clinicians bank on this trio, framing interventions, a chronic shift from mere prevalence to impact.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most effective interventions in the management of COPD. The primary goals of this program are to:
- A. Ensure the patient eats appropriately, takes their medication as prescribed and exercises every day
- B. Involve the patient in the multidisciplinary team and knows how to manage their condition
- C. Reduce symptoms, improved QOL, increase physical and emotional participation in everyday life
- D. Prevent deterioration, avoid hospitalisation and support the carers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary rehab reclaims COPD life less wheeze, better QOL, more daily grit, physical and emotional. Diet-meds-exercise is narrow; team play's a means; prevention's a perk, not core. Nurses drive this, a chronic lift.