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The nurse cares for a client receiving furosemide (Lasix). The nurse determines that teaching is effective if the client selects which of the following foods?
- A. One medium baked potato
- B. One slice of white bread
- C. One medium apple
- D. One scrambled egg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: One medium baked potato. Potatoes are high in potassium, which is crucial for clients on furosemide (Lasix) to prevent hypokalemia, as furosemide can cause potassium loss. White bread (choice B) and scrambled egg (choice D) are not high-potassium foods and do not address the specific need related to furosemide therapy. While apples (choice C) contain some potassium, they are not as rich in potassium as a baked potato, making them a less optimal choice for a client on furosemide.
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The nurse is caring for clients on a medical floor. Which client will the nurse assess first?
- A. The client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm who is constipated
- B. The client on bed rest who ambulated to the bathroom
- C. The client with essential hypertension who has epistaxis and a headache
- D. The client with arterial occlusive disease who has a decreased pedal pulse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because epistaxis and headache in a client with hypertension are signs of a hypertensive crisis that necessitate immediate intervention. Choice A is incorrect as constipation in a client with an abdominal aortic aneurysm, while important, does not indicate an immediate crisis. Choice B is incorrect as a client on bed rest ambulating to the bathroom is a positive sign. Choice D is incorrect because a decreased pedal pulse in arterial occlusive disease should be addressed promptly, but it does not indicate an acute emergency like a hypertensive crisis.
Who is the first individual in the combat health support chain to make medically substantiated decisions based on military occupational specialty-specific medical training?
- A. Physician
- B. Physician Assistant
- C. Combat medic
- D. Combat lifesaver
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Physician Assistant is the first individual in the combat health support chain to make medically substantiated decisions based on their military occupational specialty-specific medical training. While physicians are highly trained medical professionals, in the context of combat health support, the Physician Assistant is typically the frontline provider who directly applies their specific military medical training to make decisions. Combat medics and combat lifesavers may provide critical care in the field, but they do not have the same level of training and scope of practice as a Physician Assistant in this context, making them less likely to be the first to make medically substantiated decisions.
A patient with a history of gout should avoid which type of food?
- A. Red meat
- B. Chicken
- C. Fish
- D. Dairy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A patient with a history of gout should avoid foods high in purines, which can exacerbate gout attacks. Red meat is particularly high in purines, so it is the type of food that should be avoided. Chicken and fish are lower in purines compared to red meat, making them better choices for individuals with gout. Dairy products are generally not associated with triggering gout attacks, so they can be consumed in moderation by patients with gout.
The nurse is caring for a client who goes into ventricular tachycardia. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Call a code immediately
- B. Assess the client for a pulse
- C. Begin chest compressions
- D. Continue to monitor the client
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct first intervention when a client goes into ventricular tachycardia is to assess for a pulse. This is crucial as the presence or absence of a pulse guides subsequent actions. Initiating chest compressions or calling a code should only be done after confirming the absence of a pulse. Continuing to monitor the client without checking for a pulse delays potentially life-saving interventions.
The nurse is caring for a client who goes into ventricular tachycardia. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Call a code immediately
- B. Assess the client for a pulse
- C. Begin chest compressions
- D. Continue to monitor the client
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to assess the client for a pulse. In ventricular tachycardia, the priority is to determine if the client has a pulse. If there is no pulse, immediate initiation of CPR with chest compressions is required. Calling a code or continuing to monitor the client can delay life-saving interventions. Therefore, assessing for a pulse is the most crucial step in managing ventricular tachycardia.